Chemical analysis of rubber samples that had been naturally aged for 40 years

Forrest, Martin J.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(00)00016-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the FTIR spectra of DPG/ NRLF, there is an obvious characteristic peak at 1600 cm -1 , which corresponds to the stretching vibration of C=O in -COOH, and this peak becomes more and more obvious as the aging time increases (Figures 5(b)-5(d)). It is worth noting that it is an enhancement of the absorptions that were being looked for and not simply their presence or absence [43]. This phenomenon implies that aerobic functional groups are formed in DPG/NRLF during the aging process, but this phenomenon does not exist in the FTIR spectra of DPG-HP-β-CD/NRLF during the aging process.…”

Section: Research On Dpg-hp-β-cd/nrlfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategy for Vulcanization Accelerator of Diphenylguanidine/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Natural Rubber Latex Foam with Enhancing Performance

et al. 2022

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Vulcanization is an essential process to obtain high-performance rubber products. Diphenylguanidine (DPG) is often used as the secondary accelerator in the vulcanization process of natural rubber (NR) latex. However, DPG would make NR latex emulsion exhibit gelation, resulting in the negative vulcanization efficiency. In addition, exposure to DPG might lead to some physiological diseases during the production process of DPG doped NR latex. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) with the hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior has the advantages of good water solubility, high bioavailability, reliable stability, and low toxicity. In this study, the inclusion complex of diphenylguanidine-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (DPG-HP-β-CD) is prepared by ball milling with a host-guest molar ratio of 1 : 1, which has also been applied to the foaming process of NR latex. The mechanical properties of DPG-HP-β-CD inclusion complex/natural rubber latex foam (DPG-HP-β-CD/NRLF) have been significantly improved, including the tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, compression set, resilience, and antiaging performance. Further, the usage of DPG has been reduced, leading to the reduction of toxicity and environmental hazards.

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Section: Research On Dpg-hp-β-cd/nrlfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategy for Vulcanization Accelerator of Diphenylguanidine/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Natural Rubber Latex Foam with Enhancing Performance

et al. 2022

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“…These elastomers may be tailored for specific applications by changing the composition such as the acrylonitrile content or additive packages, or the type and loading of fillers to achieve the desired balance of performance for the intended application. However, it is well known that the properties of elastomers such as HNBRs change once they start to be used in a service environment, during application over extended time periods [1,2], mechanical loading [3], exposure to different chemical environments [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], extremes of temperatures [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17], irradiation (for example electron beam [18][19][20], ion beam [21] or gamma irradiation [22,23]) or combinations of these. Depending on the exposure conditions, these changes in properties may be attributed to increased crosslinking, molecular degradation (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of hot air exposure on the mechanical properties and carbon dioxide permeability of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with varying carbon black content

2020

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The effect of hot air exposure at 150 � C for up to 12 weeks (ca. 2000 h) on the properties of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) compounds with varying degrees of carbon black content was investigated and reported in this paper. The composition of the HNBR was varied with 0, 10, 30 or 50 PHR carbon black. The tensile properties, hardness, density, solvent saturation swelling and carbon dioxide permeability of these specimens was investigated before and after exposure in a hot air oven. Correlations between these results are reported for the compounds considered in this work. These correlations illustrate how the changes in performance which would require test samples of specific geometries (such as tensile modulus or gas permeation) might in some cases be predicted by tests which do not require exact geometries (such as density or surface hardness), for the materials investigated in this paper.

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“…If not controlled, the decay becomes exponential and can lead to the complete loss of the material. For these reasons conservators and scientists should pay special attentions to rubber museum objects and should monitor continuously their state of conservation [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analytical approach for the non-invasive selection of consolidants in rubber artworks

et al. 2016

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The effectiveness of five polymeric materials for the long-term conservation and restoration of rubber artworks was evaluated by accelerated photo-oxidative degradation studies. Two different ethylene vinyl-acetate resins, generally used in industry and uncommon in conservation field, a new water-based polyurethane, and two ethylene butyl-acrylate resins were assessed for the consolidation of rubber. By monitoring their degradation along time with LED imaging coupled to statistics and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the polymeric materials with the best properties that ensure the protection and security of the artwork were identified. The degradation was performed in solar box simulating the light exposure in a museum, under controlled temperature at no more than 35 °C in order to exclude the thermal effects that could influence the ageing of polymers. The mechanical stress of the treated samples was also investigated. The spectroscopic analyses, the chromatic changes study, and the mechanical degradation were used as indicators of the consolidant stability, allowing the evaluation of the materials selected for the consolidation and conservation of rubber. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers resulted the most stable and suitable for the conservation of rubber artworks. Lastly, the conservation treatment identified in this research was employed for the restoration of the contemporary artwork "Presagi di Birnam" made with bicycle inner tubes by the artist Carol Rama.

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Chemical analysis of rubber samples that had been naturally aged for 40 years

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Design Strategy for Vulcanization Accelerator of Diphenylguanidine/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Natural Rubber Latex Foam with Enhancing Performance

Design Strategy for Vulcanization Accelerator of Diphenylguanidine/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Natural Rubber Latex Foam with Enhancing Performance

The effect of hot air exposure on the mechanical properties and carbon dioxide permeability of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) with varying carbon black content

An analytical approach for the non-invasive selection of consolidants in rubber artworks

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