Chemical analysis of Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng): A review

Wang, Yaping; Choi, Hyo-Won; Brinckmann, J.A.; Jiang, Xue; Huang, Linfang

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.012

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…[22] ginseng, [32] while ten major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rg3) account for more than 90 % of the total ginsenosides. [24] The current work simultaneously determined for the first time the ten major ginsenosides in American ginseng roots collected from various wild populations grown in the state of Tennessee. Besides the significant variation in the moist content (from 55.4 % to 81.5 %), the wild ginseng roots also exhibited a wide range of total ginsenoside content, from 1.30 to 22.89 mg/g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous studies, these ten ginsenosides account for more than 90 % of the total ginsenoside content existing in ginseng roots. [24] The wild ginseng roots exhibited a wide range of total ginsenoside content, from 1.30 to 22.89 mg/g. In contrast, the range of total ginsenoside content for cultivated ginseng was from 2.03 to 3.43 mg/g.…”

Section: Simultaneous Determination Of Ten Ginsenosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Determination and Analysis of Major Ginsenosides in Wild American Ginseng Grown in Tennessee

Liang

Chen

Guo

et al. 2019

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Ginsenosides are the major constituent that is responsible for the health effects of American ginseng. The ginsenoside profile of wild American ginseng is ultimately the result of germplasm, climate, geography, vegetation species, water, and soil conditions. This is the first report to address the ginsenoside profile of wild American ginseng grown in Tennessee (TN), the third leading state for production of wild American ginseng. In the present study, ten major ginsenosides in wild American ginseng roots grown in TN, including Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rg3, were determined simultaneously. The chemotypic differences among TN wild ginseng, cultivated American ginseng, and Asian ginseng were assessed based on the widely used markers of ginsenoside profiling, including the top three ginsenosides, ratios of PPD/PPT, Rg1/Rb1, Rg1/Re, and Rb2/Rc. Our findings showed marked variation in ginsenoside profile for TN wild ginseng populations. Nevertheless, TN wild ginseng has significant higher ginsenoside content and more ginsenoside diversity than the cultivated ginseng. The total ginsenoside content in TN wild ginseng, as well as ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, increases with the age of the roots. Marked chemotypic differences between TN wild ginseng and cultivated American ginseng were observed based on the chemotypic markers. Surprisingly, we found that TN wild ginseng is close to Asian ginseng with regard to these characteristics in chemical composition. This study verified an accessible method to scientifically elucidate the difference in chemical constituents to distinguish wild from the cultivated American ginseng. This work is critical for the ecological and biological assessments of wild American ginseng so as to facilitate long‐term sustainability of the wild population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simultaneous Determination Of Ten Ginsenosidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination and Analysis of Major Ginsenosides in Wild American Ginseng Grown in Tennessee

Liang

Chen

Guo

et al. 2019

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…The phytochemistry and pharmacology of P. quinquefolius has been reviewed several times [333,339,341,342]. The major components in P. quinquefolius roots are triterpenoid glycosides, the ginsenosides, as well as several polyacetylenes.…”

Section: Hamamelis Virginiana Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Setzer

2018

Medicines

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Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines.

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“…Differently to P. ginseng it is native to North America. The herbal substance is represented by the dried roots, containing ginsenosedes, with a higher concentration of protopanaxadiols compared to P. ginseng [72]. In the same animal model, a pectin lyase-modified ginseng extract (20-50-100 mg/kg) decreased the serum levels of AGE and their cross-linking with protein [88].…”

Section: Panax Ginseng Ca Meyer Radix and Panax Quinquefolius L mentioning

confidence: 99%