Chemical analysis of Murex-dyed textiles from wadi Murabba'at, Israel

Sukenik, Naama; Varvak, Alexander; Amar, Zohar; Iluz, David

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.08.003

Cited by 13 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…; see also Koren , 388; Sukenik et al . , 567–8). Nevertheless, sample 3 contains 7% DBI, while sample 4 contains 23%, but Koren has already noted that there are individual Hexaplex trunculus that are relatively rich in DBI (Koren , 388; Koren , 52; Koren and Verhecken‐Lammens , 32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have found that HPLC‐DAD can identify true purple in remains of textiles (Koren ; Koren and Verhecken‐Lammens ; Sukenik et al . ) as well as pottery (Koren ; Koren ; Koren , 52–3). This analysis requires only tiny quantities of the substance, and can identify components that are only present in minute quantities, thereby allowing identification of the species of Muricida that were used at a high level of probability.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Dye‐stained Potterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When looking at the proportions of the components, Hexaplex trunculus contains relatively high concentrations of indigotin (IND) and monobromoindigotin (MBI), while dibromoindigotin (DBI) is always present in relatively small quantities; in Bolinus brandaris and Stramonita haemastoma , on the other hand, DBI compounds are the most abundant (over 62%), but the proportion of IND in dyes derived from these two molluscs is low (less than 5%) and was not always detected in the chromatography (Koren , 338; Sukenik et al . , 568).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Dye‐stained Potterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPLC is a considerably more advanced method, which can distinguish dominant and minor components in the sample, and determine with a high probability the species of murex that was used (for similar studies, see Koren ; Sukenik et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nevertheless, we decided to analyse samples from the recent excavations for analysis, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC is a considerably more advanced method, which can distinguish dominant and minor components in the sample, and determine with a high probability the species of murex that was used (for similar studies, see Koren 2008a;Sukenik et al 2015).'True purple', according to the accepted view in research, was extracted from a number of species of the Muricidae family, and in particular from three species that were common in the Mediterranean: banded dye-murex (Hexaplex trunculus L. = Murex trunculus), spiny dye-murex (Bolinus brandaris L. = Murex brandaris) and red-mouthed rock shell (Stramonita haemastoma L. = Thais haemastoma, which is nowadays classified as Rapaninae-for further discussion, see Spanier and Karmon 1987, 180-2; Cardon 2007, 566-86;Reese 2010). The dye that was produced from the murex sea snail was considered as the most prestigious dye for textiles in antiquity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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New Evidence of the Purple‐Dye Industry at Tel Shiqmona, Israel

Sukenik

Iluz

Amar³

et al. 2017

Archaeometry

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Pottery sherds stained with purple dye were found in the excavations at Tel Shiqmona, and were dated to the Iron Age II period. Analysis by HPLC‐DAD identified the dye as ‘true purple’, derived from the Hexaplex trunculus sea snail, which is associated with the purple‐dye industry that flourished in the coastal area at that time. This result is compatible with the classification of over 1000 Muricidae shells that were found in the excavation. Hexaplex trunculus constitutes 80% of this group, indicating that it was the most commonly used species in the dye production at Tel Shiqmona.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%