Determination of Tyrian purple by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection

Vasileiadou, Athina; Karapanagiotis, Ioannis; Zotou, Anastasia

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.046

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, a single chromatographic peak was observed for the relative value of accurate mass. Considering the relative concentrations typically reported in the literature on extracts from mollusks and from textiles [15,16], it can be stated that the amount of indirubin is often very low in comparison to indigotin. Moreover, the Raman spectrum does not show specific peaks for indirubin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analyses were performed on one fabric decorated with gold with evidence of a purple dye (the factors which suggest it constituted a luxurious item) preserved in the mineralized form. The main focus of this paper is to discuss the in-depth scientific analyses carried out on this colorant in order to identify the major dye components or molecular markers and to propose a hypothesis about the Murex species that was used taking into account the current scientific discussion about natural sources of purple dyes, the informative content of the adopted scientific approach, and the complexity of the issue [15,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dyes from the Ashes: Discovering and Characterizing Natural Dyes from Mineralized Textiles

et al. 2020

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Vesuvius eruption that destroyed Pompeii in AD 79 represents one of the most important events in history. The cataclysm left behind an abundance of archeological evidence representing a fundamental source of the knowledge we have about ancient Roman material culture and technology. A great number of textiles have been preserved, rarely maintaining traces of their original color, since they are mainly in the mineralized and carbonized state. However, one outstanding textile sample displays a brilliant purple color and traces of gold strips. Since the purple was one of the most exclusive dyes in antiquity, its presence in an important commercial site like Pompeii induces us to deepen the knowledge of such artifacts and provide further information on their history. For this reason, the characterization of the purple color was the main scope of this research, and to deepen the knowledge of such artifacts, the SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) in solution approach was applied. Then, these data were enriched by HPLC-HRMS analyses, which confirmed SERS-based hypotheses and also allowed to hypothesize the species of the origin mollusk. In this context, a step-by-step integrated approach resulted fundamental to maximize the information content and to provide new data on textile manufacturing and trade in antiquity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyes from the Ashes: Discovering and Characterizing Natural Dyes from Mineralized Textiles

et al. 2020

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“…The coloring components of interest should be available in pure form to be used as standards for quantitation purposes. A calibration procedure for shellfish purple pigment was previously developed and showed that the relative percentage of IND reported commonly using the HPLC peak areas at 288 nm (e.g., Figure 6) is in fact an overestimation of the actual mass content of IND [75]. On the other hand, the corresponding relative percentage of DBI, which is calculated using the HPLC peak areas at 288 nm, is an underestimation of the actual mass content of DBI in the shellfish pigment [75].…”

Section: Paints Pigments and Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A calibration procedure for shellfish purple pigment was previously developed and showed that the relative percentage of IND reported commonly using the HPLC peak areas at 288 nm (e.g., Figure 6) is in fact an overestimation of the actual mass content of IND [75]. On the other hand, the corresponding relative percentage of DBI, which is calculated using the HPLC peak areas at 288 nm, is an underestimation of the actual mass content of DBI in the shellfish pigment [75]. Moreover, the calibration process showed that low limits-of-detection (LODs) can be achieved with HPLC for the seven components of shellfish purple, ranging within 0.02 to 0.05 μg mL -1 [75].…”

Section: Paints Pigments and Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Archaeological Chemistry of Shellfish Purple

Karapanagiotis

2019

Sustainability

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Shellfish purple, also known as Tyrian purple and royal purple, has a long history, which has been revealed and documented in recent years through valid physicochemical studies using sophisticated techniques. The aim of the work was to summarize the conclusions of these studies and to describe the results of two unpublished investigations regarding the (i) identification of shellfish purple in a textile (4th century BCE) from ancient Macedonia and (ii) dramatic effect of the dyeing conditions on the composition of the purple dye. Moreover, a critical discussion is included about the discovery of the shellfish pigment and dye based on the available scientific evidence. Previously published reports describing the identification of the shellfish colorant in objects of the cultural heritage were carefully summarized. Shellfish purple was not used only as colorant, but it served other purposes as emphasized in this review. In particular, examples for the use of shellfish purple in medicine, grave goods and fillers and plasters in walls, were described. Examples of materials and methods that were used in the past to produce “fake” purple, imitating the aesthetic result of the valuable royal marine material were summarized. Finally, the solubility of indigoids was discussed using modern approaches of physical chemistry.

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“…Two solvent reservoirs, containing (A) water + 0.1% (v/v) Tri-Fluoro-Acetic Acid (TFA) and (B) acetonitrile + 0.1% (v/v) TFA, were used under a gradient elution program which was developed and evaluated for the analysis of shellfish purple components offering extremely low limits of detection [15].…”

Section: High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-diode Array Detector (Hpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive X-ray Spectrometric and Chromatographic Analysis of Metal Containers and Their Contents, from Ancient Macedonia

et al. 2018

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This work describes a holistic archaeometric approach to ancient Macedonian specimens. In the region of the ancient city Lete, the deceased members of a rich and important family were interred in a cluster of seven tombs (4th century BC). Among the numerous grave goods, there was also a set of metal containers preserving their original content. The physico-chemical analysis of the containers and their contents was performed in order to understand the purpose of their use. For the containers, Energy Dispersive micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (EDµXRF) spectroscopy was implemented taking advantage of its non-invasive character. The case (B35) and the small pyxis (B37) were made of a binary Cu-Sn alloy accompanied by a slight amount of impurities (Fe, Pb, As) and the two miniature bowls were made of almost pure Cu. For the study of the contents, a combination of EDµXRF, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out. Especially for the extraction of the volatile compounds, the Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) technique was used in the headspace mode. Because of the detection of Br, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography coupled to a Diode-Array-Detector (HPLC-DAD) was implemented, confirming the existence of the ancient dye shellfish purple (porphyra in Greek). The analytical results of the combined implementation of spectrometric and chromatographic analytical techniques of the metal containers and their contents expand our knowledge about the pharmaceutical practices in Macedonia during the 4th century BC.

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Determination of Tyrian purple by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Dyes from the Ashes: Discovering and Characterizing Natural Dyes from Mineralized Textiles

Dyes from the Ashes: Discovering and Characterizing Natural Dyes from Mineralized Textiles

A Review on the Archaeological Chemistry of Shellfish Purple

Non-Destructive X-ray Spectrometric and Chromatographic Analysis of Metal Containers and Their Contents, from Ancient Macedonia

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