Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Acetone Extract of Algerian Solenostemma Argel (Delile) Hayne Leaves

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the qualitative composition of the acetonic extract from leaves of S. argel (AESA) and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo.
 Methods: AESA profile was established by UHPLC/DAD/ESI-MS2. AESA was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD-420 method. Antioxydant activity of AESA was performed by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Anti-inflammatory effects of AESA were determined in two animal models: carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. Further, anti-nociceptives activities of AESA were assessed by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test.
 Results: The in vivo AESA toxicity was low. AESA expresses a maximum radical scavenging activity with a IC50 value of 36,05 μg/ml. The AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageen an induced paw edema by 70.09% and 85.53% 6h after carrageenan injection, respectively. AESA produced significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect against cotton pellets-induced granuloma formation in rats. In addition, AESA at 250 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing by 56.83 and 80.41%, respectively. Oral administration of 250 and 400 mg/kg of AESA caused a significant dose dependent anti-nociceptive effect in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking. AESA also impacted the pain latency in the hot plat test.
 Conclusion: These data suggest that AESA possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects. These results support the traditional use of S. argel to cure pain and inflammatory diseases in the Algerian Sahara.

Pharmacological Activities and Characterization of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in Solenostemma argel Extract

“…Al-Juhaimi et al [ 32 ] stated that the antioxidant activity of argel extract was due to the presence of phenolic acids, flavones, glycosylated flavonoids, polyphenols, b-carotene, b-sitosterol, monoterpenes, pregnenes, and pregnan. Benmaarouf et al [ 21 ] stated that the high content of flavonoids such as rutin, kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-o-diglucoside-7-o-glucoside, astragalin, and kaempfero in Solenostemma argel imparted its antioxidant activity.…”

“…The presence of flavonoids and related polyphenols in Solenostemma argel extract may be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity [ 39 ]. Benmaarouf et al [ 21 ] stated that the anti-inflammatory activity of Solenostemma argel may be due to the inhibition of the release of anti-inflammatory mediators occurring during the intermediate and second phases of edema formation, such as bradykinin and prostaglandins.…”

“…The results obtained were consistent with those reported by Al-Juhaimi et al [ 32 ] who found that gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and syringic acid are the primary phenolic acids and kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin are the common flavonoids present in methanolic extract of Solenostemma argel . Benmaarouf et al [ 21 ] demonstrated the presence of salicylic acid, rutin, kaempferol-3- O -rutinoside, kampeferol 3- O -diglucoside-7- O glucoside in acetone extract of Solenostemma argel . Ibrahim et al [ 40 ] reported the presence of other phenolic compounds such as pyrogallol, benzoic acid, resveratrol, and other flavonoids such as hesperetin, apigenin, and hesperidin in the methanolic extract of Solenostemma argel .…”

“…Pregnane and phenolic glycosides extracts from the plant’s aerial and root parts have been shown to possess antioxidant properties in human tumor cell lines [ 20 ]. Acetone extracts of this plant have also been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in laboratory rats [ 21 ]. In spite of Solenostemma argel widespread use and numerous properties, very little research has been carried out to evaluate its therapeutic properties.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Justicia Flava (Forsk) Vahl (Acanthaceae) in Rats

“…These results are similar to those of Rawat et al who disclosed that the methanolic extract of Kigelia pinnata leaves at 400 mg/kg bw inhibited the average weight of wet cotton pellets by 45.15% and that of dry cotton pellets by 53.6% [25]. In addition, other authors showed that at 400 mg/kg bw, the acetone extract of Solenostemma argel leaves significantly (p<0.05) reduced wet cotton peletts by 67.74% and that of dry cotton pellet by 70.58% [26]. The assessment of rats body weight during granuloma formation induced by the cotton pellets indicated a decrease in rats body weight in the normal saline group.…”