Chemical analysis and giardicidal effectiveness of the aqueous extract of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf

Abstract

CcAE (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 500 μg/ml) was in vitro incubated with G. lamblia trophozoites in comparison with metronidazole (MTZ 10 and 25 μg/ml). Growth inhibition was evaluated after 3, 24, and 48 h of drug exposure. Infected groups of mice were orally treated for 7 days with CcAE at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day/mouse, in comparison with a group treated with 15 mg/kg/day/mouse MTZ for the same period. The total phenolic components (TPC), the total flavonoid components (TFC), the 2,2,diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitative and qualitative phenolic content were chemically estimated. After 24 and 48 h of in vitro incubation, the estimated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 500 and 400 μg/ml, respectively, and the concentrations that induced 50% growth inhibition (IC) were 93.8 and 60.4 μg/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). Mice given 500 mg/kg CcAE showed 100% stool clearance of G. lamblia stages, similar to MTZ-treated control group (P < 0.001). The TPC was 10.7 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g and the TFC was 23.9 ± 0.3 mg quercetin/g, and the estimated IC for DPPH free radical scavenging was 16.4 ± 0.1 mg/ml. HPLC revealed the major phenolic components of CcAE to be carnosic acid, p-coumaric acid, cinnamiac acid, quercetin, rutin, and chlorogenic acid. In conclusion, CcAE is significantly effective against G. lamblia in vitro and in vivo, and has considerable phenolic and antioxidant properties.

Cymbopogon sp. from ethnobotany to antimicrobial: an integrative review

“…These studies showed the potential for prevention or control of growth of the populations of these parasites. However, only a few studies have been published, despite the potential of this plant (Macedo et al, 2015;Chukwuocha et al, 2016;Limoncu et al, 2017;Méabed, et al, 2018;Macedo et al, 2019).…”

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil: A promising miticidal and ovicidal agent against Sarcoptes scabiei

“…The essential oil from C. citratus is known as lemongrass oil, with citral as the major component [12]. Lemongrass oil is reported to possess a variety of pharmacological properties including antiparasitic [13], antioxidant [14], antimicrobial [12], and anti-inflammatory [15]. Lemongrass oil was also reported to show miticididal effect against a plant pathogen (Tetranycchus urticae) [16] and house dust mites [17].…”

Effects of some natural products from fungal and herbal sources on Giardia lamblia in vivo

“…To reduce the risks of using chemical drugs, the World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed the use of medicinal plants and other natural products and reports that approximately 80% of the world population use traditional remedies for health care (Anquez-Traxler, 2011). Up to now, ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological investigations disclose a variety of natural products used for the treatment of Giardiasis which has had a variety of effects (Rahimi-Esboei et al ., 2013 a , 2013 b ; Derda and Hadaś, 2014; Méabed et al ., 2018).…”