Chemical analyses, correlations, and ages of upper Pliocene and Pleistocene ash layers of east-central and Southern California

Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M.; Bowman, H.; Meyer, C.; Russell, P.C.; Woodward, Marta; McCoy, Gail; Rowe, J.J.; Baedecker, P. A.; Asaro, Frank; Michael, Helen

doi:10.3133/pp1293

Cited by 74 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Tentative correlations of Leg 90 tephras with these tephras can be made as follows. Figure 8 is a graphical means (after Sarna-Wojcicki et al, 1984) of displaying the similarities and differences between the shard chemistry of two samples. Ratios are calculated by dividing the mean weight percent of an element in a Neogene tephra sample from land by the mean weight percent of the same element in a Leg 90 tephra sample.…”

Section: Tephra Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature, Chemistry, and Origin of Late Cenozoic Megascopic Tephras in Leg 90 Cores from the Southwest Pacific

Nelson¹,

Froggatt²,

Gosson³

1986

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Several thin (1-10 cm) megascopic vitric tephras occur in the late Cenozoic calcareous oozes on Lord Howe Rise in the Tasman Sea and off eastern South Island, New Zealand. Of the 18 tephras analyzed 15 are silicic (75-78% SiO 2 ) with abundant clear glass shards and a biotite ± hypersthene ± green hornblende ferromagnesian mineralogy. The Neogene silicic tephras were derived from the now-extinct Coromandel volcanic area in New Zealand, and the Quaternary ones from the presently active Central Volcanic Region of New Zealand. On the basis of glass chemistry and age, several of the Quaternary tephras are probably correlatives, and at least two can be matched to the major on-land Mt. Curl tephra ( -0.25 m.y.). The occurrence of correlative silicic tephras both northwest and southeast of New Zealand may result from particularly violent eruptions, the ash below and above an altitude of -20 km being dispersed in opposite directions toward the Pacific Ocean and Tasman Sea, respectively. Ash drifting eastward into the southeasterly trade wind belt off northeastern New Zealand could also be carried into the central and northern Tasman Sea.Three megascopic tephras consist of altered basic shards and common labradorite crystals. They record Neogene explosive basaltic to andesitic activity from nearby ocean island or ridge sources in the Ontong-Java Plateau and Vanuatu regions.The megascopic tephras are a very incomplete and biased record of late Cenozoic explosive volcanism in the southwest Pacific because the innumerable, thin, green argillaceous layers in the cores (Gardner et al., this volume) probably represent devitrified intermediate to basic tephras derived mainly from oceanic arc volcanism along the Pacific/Australia plate boundary. In contrast to the New Zealand-derived silicic glass shards, the preservation potential of these more basic shards in Leg 90 calcareous sediments was low.

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Section: Tephra Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature, Chemistry, and Origin of Late Cenozoic Megascopic Tephras in Leg 90 Cores from the Southwest Pacific

Nelson¹,

Froggatt²,

Gosson³

1986

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…The samples were subsequently treated with an 8% solution of HFL to remove other mineral coatings and altered glass surfaces. The shards were separated from other components of the tephra sample using a magnetic separator and heavy liquids, as per Sarna-Wojcicki et al (1984). Polished shards were analyzed with an electron microprobe by C. E. Meyer of the u.s. Geological Survey for Si, AI, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, Ti, Na, and K, and the results were statistically compared with the chemical compositions of ~3600 volcanic glasses from the westem United States and adjacent Pacific Ocean.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon Ages and Environments of Deposition of the Wono and Trego Hot Springs Tephra Layers in the Pyramid Lake Subbasin, Nevada

et al. 1997

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Uncalibrated radiocarbon data from core PLC92B taken from Wizards Cove in the Pyramid Lake subbasin indicate that the Trego Hot Springs and Wono tephra layers were deposited 23,200 ± 300 and 27,300 ± 30014C yr B.P. (uncorrected for reservoir effect). Sedimentological data from sites in the Pyramid Lake and Smoke Creek–Black Rock Desert subbasins indicate that the Trego Hot Springs tephra layer was deposited during a relatively dry period when Pyramid Lake was at or below its spill point (1177 m) to the Winnemucca Lake subbasin. The Wono tephra layer was deposited when lake depth was controlled by spill across Emerson Pass sill (1207 m) to the Smoke Creek–Black Rock Desert subbasin.18O data from core PLC92B also support the concept that the Trego Hot Springs tephra fell into a relatively shallow Pyramid Lake and that the Wono tephra fell into a deeper spilling lake.

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“…4 These mathematical measures have been previously used, with some success, in archaeological provenance studies (Sigleo, 1975;Luedtke, 1976;Hughes, 1994c;Hess, 1996), and in the comparisons of volcanic ash deposits (Borchardt et al, 1972;Sarna-Wojcicki et al, 1984;Perkins et al, 1995).…”

Section: Using Similarity Coefficients To Compare Black Canyon and Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical comparisons of silicified rhyolites from two prehistoric quarries and 11 prehistoric projectile points, Socorro County, New Mexico, U.S.A.

Dello‐Russo¹

2004

Geoarchaeology

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This paper documents the results of nondestructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) geochemical analyses and comparisons of silicified rhyolites from the Black Canyon and Sedillo Hill prehistoric quarries near Socorro, New Mexico, and subsequent comparisons of the quarry rhyolites with 11 temporally diagnostic projectile points. At the current level of analysis, findings indicate that (1) the two quarries are chemically distinct and (2) the lithic materials of two projectile points match the silicified rhyolite from the Black Canyon quarry, suggesting quarry use during the Early Archaic period (4800-3200 B.C.) and the Late Archaic period (1800-800 B.C.). A close match between the Black Canyon rhyolite and one other point provides tentative support for use of the quarry during the Clovis Paleoindian period (9500-9000 B.C.). Additional geochemical analyses of the two quarries and other regional sources should be undertaken to verify these results and further expand our understanding of prehistoric mobility in the Southwest. ᭧

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Chemical analyses, correlations, and ages of upper Pliocene and Pleistocene ash layers of east-central and Southern California

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Nature, Chemistry, and Origin of Late Cenozoic Megascopic Tephras in Leg 90 Cores from the Southwest Pacific

Nature, Chemistry, and Origin of Late Cenozoic Megascopic Tephras in Leg 90 Cores from the Southwest Pacific

Radiocarbon Ages and Environments of Deposition of the Wono and Trego Hot Springs Tephra Layers in the Pyramid Lake Subbasin, Nevada

Geochemical comparisons of silicified rhyolites from two prehistoric quarries and 11 prehistoric projectile points, Socorro County, New Mexico, U.S.A.

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