Chelidonium majus: a rare reason for severe hepatotoxic reaction

In-vitro toxicity of Ukrain against human Ewing tumor cell lines

“…Intravenous applications of C. majus L. are not available in the European market. Oral preparations of C. majus L. were repeatedly warned of because of severe side-effects such as hepatitis, cholestasis, necrosis of the liver parenchyma and lethal liver failure [27][28][29]. Thus, regarding the toxicities of oral C. majus L. preparations, the use of intravenously applied C. majus L. extracts or C. majus alkaloids should be considered with caution in general.…”

Meta‐analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast)

“…Only Chelidonium has been linked to rare cases of cholestatic hepatitis in other formulations and in higher concentrations. 35,36 This might be a reason why no such events have been reported with STW 5. 18 For other fixed combinations like peppermint and caraway oil 37,38 or peppermint oil and ginger extract, 39 studies over 4 weeks have shown improvements in functional or NUD compared with placebo or cisapride and seem to be comparable with STW 5.…”

Herbal hepatotoxicity: a tabular compilation of reported cases

“…Strahl et al ., 1998 , Greving et al ., 1998 , Benninger et al ., 1999 , Crijns et al ., 2002 , Hardeman et al ., 2003 , Stickel et al ., 2003 , BfArM, 2005 , Rifai et al ., 2006 , Conti et al ., 2008 , Moro et al ., 2009 , Tarantino et al ., 2009 , EMA, 2010 , Teschke et al ., 2011, 2012 …”

“…Consequently, published causality may be invalid for cases assessed by the Naranjo scale, the WHO scale or the ad hoc approach. Analysing publications of herbal hepatotoxicity , causality assessment was performed mostly with the ad hoc approach, and as shown with some examples rarely with the WHO scale , the Naranjo scale or the CIOMS scale …”