“…Other Information Retrieval based chatbots applications can be found in Training [90], Information Technology [91] and Finance [7], possibly for similar reasons.…”
Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of chatbots led to their wide adoption by many industries in order to provide virtual assistance to customers. Chatbots utilise methods and algorithms from two Artificial Intelligence domains: Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning. However, there are many challenges and limitations in their application. In this survey we review recent advances on chatbots, where Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language processing are used. We highlight the main challenges and limitations of current work and make recommendations for future research investigation.
“…Other Information Retrieval based chatbots applications can be found in Training [90], Information Technology [91] and Finance [7], possibly for similar reasons.…”
Chatbots are intelligent conversational computer systems designed to mimic human conversation to enable automated online guidance and support. The increased benefits of chatbots led to their wide adoption by many industries in order to provide virtual assistance to customers. Chatbots utilise methods and algorithms from two Artificial Intelligence domains: Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning. However, there are many challenges and limitations in their application. In this survey we review recent advances on chatbots, where Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language processing are used. We highlight the main challenges and limitations of current work and make recommendations for future research investigation.
“…Other Information Retrieval based chatbots applications can be found in Training [90], Information Technology [91] and Finance [7], possibly for similar reasons.…”
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
“…In the area of teaching and learning, Prgorskly et al [22] proposed a virtual learning assistant as an assessment tool to support online learners' self-regulation in online learning, while Preece et al [23] investigated the effectiveness of a controlled natural language-based conversational interface for human-machine interaction regarding locally observed collective knowledge. In the manufacturing domain, Barbosa et al [24] created a VA, which supported the training process of the technical personnel in industrial plant operators, Casillo et al [25] built a chatbot for the training of employees in an Industry 4.0 scenario and Zimmer et al [26] developed a VA to assist the ramp-up process of an assembly system. In our previous work, we have presented a VA named Bot-X to assist the workers in handling a variety of complex manufacturing tasks, e.g., order processing, and production execution [27].…”
<p>Assisting employees in acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to grasp and use new services and technologies on the shop floor is critical for manufacturers to adapt to Industry 4.0 successfully. In this paper, we employ a Learning, Training, Assistance (LTA) approach and propose a framework for a Language-enabled Virtual Assistant (VA) to facilitate this adaptation. In our system, the human-robot interaction is achieved through spoken natural language and a dashboard implemented as a web-based application. This type of interaction enables operators of all levels to control a collaborative robot intuitively in several industrial scenarios and use it as a complementary tool for developing their competencies. Our proposed framework has been extensively tested with 29 users who completed various tasks while interacting with the proposed VA and industrial robots. Through three different scenarios, we evaluated the usability of the system for LTA based on an established System Usability Scale and the cognitive effort required by the users based on the standardised NASA TLX questionnaire. The qualitative and quantitative results of the study show that users of all levels found the VA user friendly with low requirements for physical and mental effort during the interaction. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the VA enables operators to streamline the learning and training phases of new tasks and improve their user experience during the assistance phase for daily tasks. The source code of the proposed VA and the supplementary material of the user study are accessible at https://bit.ly/VA MAX to support the reproducibility of the proposed framework.</p>
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