Charring rates for double beams made from laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Tsai, Kevin; Carradine, David; Moss, Peter; Buchanan, Andrew

doi:10.1002/fam.2112

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…In Figure (b), it is clear that the 300°C isotherm moves with different rates along the width and the depth of the cross section. The charring rate along the depth (vertical direction of heat flux) is higher than along the width (horizontal direction of heat flux) of the cross section as found also during other fire tests carried out on LVL members exposed to fire on three or four sides in furnaces of different sizes . Other experimental tests performed on solid and glulam timber members exposed to fire showed some qualitative differences in charring rate along the width and the depth of the cross section .…”

Section: Experimental–numerical Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 71%

Predicting the fire resistance of timber members loaded in tension

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY The paper presents a numerical model for predicting the fire resistance of timber members. Fire resistance is evaluated in a two‐step process implemented in the Abaqus finite element code: first, a time‐dependent thermal analysis of the member exposed to fire and then a structural analysis under a constant load are performed. The structural analysis considers the reduction in mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity and strength) of timber with temperature. The analysis terminates when the member can no longer redistribute stresses from the hottest to the coldest parts, leading to structural failure. The model was used to simulate fire tests carried out on specimens made from laminated veneer lumber loaded in tension. Experimental data in terms of temperature, charring depth, displacement and failure time were compared with the numerical results obtained by assuming the thermal properties and degradation of mechanical properties with temperature as suggested by Eurocode 5, showing an overall acceptable approximation. The fire resistance of the timber member was then predicted depending upon the applied tensile loads using the numerical model and analytical formulas. The proposed finite element model can be used to predict the fire resistance of timber structures as an alternative to expensive and complicated experimental tests. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Experimental–numerical Comparisonssupporting

confidence: 71%

Predicting the fire resistance of timber members loaded in tension

et al. 2012

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“…A series of models were established to analyze the char rate of wooden composites ( White 2002 ;Babrauskas 2005 ;Tsai et al 2012 ). In this study, the baseline of the char layers was determined to be approximately 300 ° C in accordance with ASTM E119 fi re exposure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced hybrid wood-aluminum composites with excellent fire performance

Lü¹,

White²,

Fu³

et al. 2014

Holzforschung

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The fire performance of several types of woodaluminum composites (WAC) was analyzed by the small vertical furnace test. The time needed to reach the temperature of 139 ° C/181 ° C ( T 139 ° C/181 ° C ) and the linear char rate of 300 ° C ( L 300 ° C ) were obtained by evaluating the fire performance of WAC. The T 139 ° C/181 ° C values ranged from 23.6 to 44.8 min. The presence and position of the aluminum alloy sheet remarkably affected the fire performance of WAC. In addition to an initial delay of 19 min, the L 300 ° C also increased when the aluminum alloy sheet was located on the surface. However, the times for 300 ° C only increased slightly when the aluminum alloy sheet was in the middle. The initial delay observed for the aluminum alloy sheet on the surface was reduced by more than 50% when the wood veneer was located on the surface of the aluminum alloy sheet. The mechanical properties of WAC were also investigated. It was concluded that the uniformity and strength of different composites was improved after the lamination of the aluminum alloy sheet. In addition, the modulus of elasticity of WAC quadrupled, and the bonding strength between the aluminum alloy sheet and the oriented strand board (OSB) was greater than that of the OSB.

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“…Despite numerous empirical expressions to determine charring depth, their range of application for assessing the fire resistance of timber elements is usually limited to cases with simple geometry, standard fire exposure or precisely defined non-standard fires and to only a particular wood species under investigation. The researchers tried to improve the mentioned deficiency by using heat (Fragiacomo et al 2012;Frangi et al 2008;Tsai et al 2013) and heat-mass transfer numerical models (Pečenko et al 2015). In these models, the charring depth is determined based on the calculated temperature isotherm, often referred to as the char front temperature, in a timber cross-section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to determine charring of wood in natural fire implemented in a coupled heat-mass-pyrolysis model

Pečenko

Hozjan

2020

Holzforschung

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The paper presents a novel approach to determine charring of wood exposed to standard and natural fire that is based on a new numerical model named PyCiF. The new model couples an advanced 2D heat-mass model with a pyrolysis model. A new charring criterion based on a physical phenomenon is implemented in the PyCiF model to determine charring of wood. This presents the main advantage of the new PyCiF model in comparison to common modelling approaches, which require an empirical value of the charring temperature that is often called the char front temperature. The fact that the char front temperature is not an explicit value as assumed by the isotherm 300 °C is advantageously considered in the presented approach where an assumed empirical value of the char front temperature is not directly required to determine the thickness of char layer. The validation of the PyCiF model against experimental results showed great model accuracy, meaning that the model is appropriate for the evaluation of charring depths of timber elements exposed to the standard fire as well as the natural fires. Additionally, as shown in the case study, the presented approach also enables to determine the char front temperature for various natural fire exposures. This will be especially important for the upgrade of the new design methods for fire safety of timber elements exposed to natural fire given in the various design codes such as Eurocode 5.

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Charring rates for double beams made from laminated veneer lumber (LVL)

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Predicting the fire resistance of timber members loaded in tension

Predicting the fire resistance of timber members loaded in tension

Reinforced hybrid wood-aluminum composites with excellent fire performance

A novel approach to determine charring of wood in natural fire implemented in a coupled heat-mass-pyrolysis model

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