Charging Railway Infrastructure Models and Their Impact to Competitiveness of Railway Transport

Abstract

Summary. The paper deals with the impact the charging railway infrastructure access has on the competitiveness of railway transport in the selected European countries. It researched into the development of indicators that indicate the competition in the railways transport market, such as volume of transport, traffic performances, and number of trains of private railway operators compared with national operators. It used the new approach for research of the share of railway transport in the transport market. The research was based on a comparative analysis of models of charging railway infrastructure, subsidies to rail infrastructure, and development of transport performances of all rail operators. The results of research are presented in terms of freight and passenger railway transport.

Capacity of Main Railway Lines – Analysis of Methodologies for its Calculation

“…Both presented methodologies have their pros and cons, which are consistently derived from this text. Despite different calculation methods, both methodologies have the same results (i.e., numerical versus percentage), declaring degree of occupancy according to (2), respectively the occupancy time rate according to (6), as well as the use of the permeable performance according to (3), (4) or capacity consumption according to (5).…”

“…However, extrapolation of time series may be time consuming, if not impossible. For this reason, the standard value of the occupancy time rate was determined as an expression of the required level of quality of the services provided and is given in percentage expression: (6) In the process of congestion of train paths, UIC 406 Decree recommends the standard values of the occupancy time rates by type of traffic on the track as follows: [13] Following the occupancy time rate, the recommended values of the additional time rates derived from the occupancy time rates are shown in the following table 3: [13] Capacity consumption values reflect the basic concepts of capacity expressed through the timetable properties of individual train paths and therefore are used to identify the bottlenecks. Therefore, the assessment of the capacity consumption (as well as the recommended ratio between the occupancy time rate and the additional time rate) is made according to the formula: (8) From the formula (6), it is obvious that with the increasing occupancy time the occupancy time rate logically increases too, while it is evident from the formula (7) that with the increasing occupancy times the value of the additional time rate decreases.…”

“…This argument is also proven by the formula in which we put into equality formula (5) and formula (8). Subsequently, we put formulas (6) and 7into a formula (8) and simplify the resulting formula (9) to (10). Special attention should be paid the the unit…”

“…Determining the set of criteria is based on the proposed flowchart. It is verified by applying the flowchart containing the criteria which are crucial for measuring the customer satisfaction with the provided logistics services [6][7][8].…”

Supply Chain Simulation in Educational Process

“…It is used as a benchmark for many optimization methods. Even though the problem is computationally difficult, a large number of heuristics and exact algorithms are known, so that some instances with tens of thousands of cities can be solved completely and even problems with millions of cities can be approximated within a small fraction of 1% [14]. The most direct solution would be to try all permutations (ordered combinations) and see which one is the cheapest.…”