Charged and total particle formation and growth rates during EUCAARI 2007 campaign in Hyytiälä

Manninen, Hanna E.; Nieminen, Tuomo; Riipinen, Ilona; Yli-Juuti, Taina; Gagné, S.; Asmi, Eija; Aalto, Pasi; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka; Kerminen, V.-M.; Kulmala, Markku

doi:10.5194/acp-9-4077-2009

Cited by 107 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A typical atmospheric sulfuric acid concentration is 10 12 m −3 . If we take the DMA concentration to be equal to 5 × 10 13 m −3 , ACDC predicts a particle formation rate of around 10 6 m −3 s −1 , which is a typical new particle formation rate seen in Hyytiälä (Dal Maso et al, 2005;Manninen et al, 2009). This DMA concentration is on the high range (but approximately the same order of magnitude) as what is measured in rural boreal areas (Ge et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations

et al. 2012

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Abstract.The Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) is presented and explored. This program was created to study the first steps of atmospheric new particle formation by examining the formation of molecular clusters from atmospherically relevant molecules. The program models the cluster kinetics by explicit solution of the birth-death equations, using an efficient computer script for their generation and the MATLAB ode15s routine for their solution. Through the use of evaporation rate coefficients derived from formation free energies calculated by quantum chemical methods for clusters containing dimethylamine or ammonia and sulphuric acid, we have explored the effect of changing various parameters at atmospherically relevant monomer concentrations. We have included in our model clusters with 0-4 base molecules and 0-4 sulfuric acid molecules for which we have commensurable quantum chemical data. The tests demonstrate that large effects can be seen for even small changes in different parameters, due to the non-linearity of the system. In particular, changing the temperature had a significant impact on the steady-state concentrations of all clusters, while the boundary effects (allowing clusters to grow to sizes beyond the largest cluster that the code keeps track of, or forbidding such processes), coagulation sink terms, non-monomer collisions, sticking probabilities and monomer concentrations did not show as large effects under the conditions studied. Removal of coagulation sink terms prevented the system from reaching the steady state when all the initial cluster concentrations were set to the default value of 1 m −3 , which is probably an effect caused by studying only relatively small cluster sizes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations

et al. 2012

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“…Results from this model point towards the dominant role of ions in NPF, especially, when the actual aerosol charged fraction is elevated in comparison to the equilibrium charging state (Yu and Turco, 2011). On the other hand, when comparing formation rates of charged particles to total particle formation rates, only a small fraction (usually less than 10 %) of the particle formation can be attributed to IIN (Manninen et al, 2009a. However, this approach does not account for ion-ion and ion-particle interactions, which are potentially contributing largely to NPF (Yu and Turco, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

et al. 2014

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Abstract. In this work, we examined the interaction of ions and neutral particles during atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) events. The analysis is based on simultaneous field measurements of atmospheric ions and total particles using a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) across the diameter range 2-25 nm. The Waldstein research site is located in a spruce forest in NE Bavaria, Southern Germany, known for enhanced radon concentrations, presumably leading to elevated ionization rates. Our observations show that the occurrence of the ion nucleation mode preceded that of the total particle nucleation mode during all analyzed NPF events. The time difference between the appearance of 2 nm ions and 2 nm total particles was typically about 20 to 30 min. A cross correlation analysis showed a rapid decrease of the time difference between the ion and total modes during the growth process. Eventually, this time delay vanished when both ions and total particles did grow to larger diameters. Considering the growth rates of ions and total particles separately, total particles exhibited enhanced growth rates at diameters below 15 nm. This observation cannot be explained by condensation or coagulation, because these processes would act more efficiently on charged particles compared to neutral particles. To explain our observations, we propose a mechanism including recombination and attachment of continuously present cluster ions with the ion nucleation mode and the neutral nucleation mode, respectively.

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“…The attractive potential between ions and ions and between ions and the dipole moment (induced or not) of the condensable vapor reduces the thermodynamic barrier for nucleation and hence, enhances the condensational growth (Lovejoy et al, 2004;Nadykto and Yu, 2004). Conflicting views about the relative importance of IMN subsist between modelling studies (see for example Laakso et al, 2002;Harrisson and Carslaw, 2003;Yu et al, 2008) which assess that IMN should be an important source of atmospheric particles and field measurements (see for example Eisele et al, 2006;Manninen et al, 2009) who show that the contribution of IMN to new particle formation in planetary boundary layer (PBL) is less than 10% in average. In any case, the charged fraction of clusters and particles is a good indicator of the presence of neutral clusters and particles.…”

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New particle formation and ultrafine charged aerosol climatology at a high altitude site in the Alps (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland)

et al. 2010

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Atmospheric Chemistry and PhysicsNew particle formation and ultrafine charged aerosol climatology at a high altitude site in the Alps (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland) Abstract. We investigate the formation and growth of charged aerosols clusters at Jungfraujoch, in the Swiss Alps (3580 m a.s.l.), the highest altitude site of the European EU-CAARI project intensive campaign. Charged particles and clusters (0.5 − 1.8 nm) were measured from April 2008 to April 2009 and allowed the detection of nucleation events in this very specific environment (presence of free tropospheric air and clouds). We found that the naturally charged aerosol concentrations, which are dominated by the cluster size class, shows a strong diurnal pattern likely linked to valley breezes transporting surface layer ion precursors, presumably radon. Cosmic rays were found not to be the major ion source at the measurement site. However, at night, when air masses are more representative of free tropospheric conditions, we found that the cluster concentrations are still high. The charged aerosol size distribution and concentration are strongly influenced by the presence of clouds at the station. Clouds should be taken into account when deriving high altitude nucleation statistics. New particle formation occurs on average 17.5% of the measurement period and shows a weak seasonality with a minimum of frequency during winter, but this seasonality is enhanced when the data set is screened forCorrespondence to: J. Boulon (j.boulon@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr) periods when the atmospheric station is out of clouds. The role of ions in the nucleation process was investigated and we found that the ion-mediated nucleation explains 22.3% of the particle formation. The NPF events frequency is correlated with UV radiation but not with calculated H 2 SO 4 concentrations, suggesting that other compounds such as organic vapors are involved in the nucleation and subsequently growth process. In fact, NPF events frequency also surprisingly increases with the condensational sink (CS), suggesting that at Jungfraujoch, the presence of condensing vapours probably coupled with high CS are driving the occurrence of NPF events. A strong link to the air mass path was also pointed out and events were observed to be frequently occurring in Eastern European air masses, which present the highest condensational sink. In these air masses, pre-existing cluster concentrations are more than three time larger than in other air masses during event days, and no new clusters formation is observed, contrarily to what is happening in other air mass types.

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Charged and total particle formation and growth rates during EUCAARI 2007 campaign in Hyytiälä

Cited by 107 publications

References 54 publications

Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations

Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code: a flexible method for solution of the birth-death equations

Ion – particle interactions during particle formation and growth at a coniferous forest site in central Europe

New particle formation and ultrafine charged aerosol climatology at a high altitude site in the Alps (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland)

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