“…The intrinsically different electronic transport capabilities between PVDF and HAP resulted in a charge barrier, which is hard to overcome. As a result, charges tend to accumulate at the interfacial zones instead of being transferred from one to another, leading to the formation of interfacial charges [36] , [37] . It is worth noting that we propose that the classical Maxwell-Wagner effect can serve as an essential electret mechanism for ESNs, which might be identified as a progress since it has been employed to analyze the interfacial charges of buck bi-layer materials conventionally.…”