Charge-reversal nanoemulsions: A systematic investigation of phosphorylated PEG-based surfactants

Preparation and Evaluation of Charge Reversal Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

“…The high efficacy of the method to prepare monophosphate esters of PEGylated surfactants bearing lipophilic moieties could already be demonstrated [17,29]. The reaction process was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and phosphate release studies indirectly confirmed phosphorylation.…”

“…PEG-9-lauryl ether was phosphorylated applying a method known to yield exclusively PEG monophosphate esters [28,29]. Briefly, P-PEG-9-lauryl ether was incubated with pyrophosphoric acid in a molar ratio of 1:2 at 80 °C while stirring with a magnetic bar.…”

Charge‐Reversible Nanoparticles: Advanced Delivery Systems for Therapy and Diagnosis

“…There are several ways to attach phosphate groups on the surface of NPs. They can be anchored on the surface of lipid-based NPs utilizing phosphorylated surfactants, [78] or electrostatically attached 𝛽-Glucuronidase TME, intracellular endo-/lysosomes 𝛽-Glucuronic acid [83] 𝛾-Glutamyl transpeptidase TME, liver 𝛾-Glutamyl bond of GSH [94] Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) TME Specific peptide sequences [75] Hyaluronidase TME, connective tissue, skin, and fluids in the joints and inside the eye Hyaluronic acid [95] in the form of polyphosphates onto cationic charged NPs. [29,79] There are several studies available that demonstrate the effectiveness of these kind of charge-reversible NPs for mucosal drug delivery, both in vitro and in vivo.…”

“…[29,79] There are several studies available that demonstrate the effectiveness of these kind of charge-reversible NPs for mucosal drug delivery, both in vitro and in vivo. [78][79][80] Since cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as efficient molecular transporters for overcoming biological barriers, [81] the combination of them with (poly)phosphates for the design of charge-reversible NPs was investigated. Zwitterionic PLGA NPs (P-R8-phosphoserine [Pho]) impairing virus like neutral charged surface (−2.39 mV) with the ability to permeate the mucus layer were developed, by containing cationic octa-arginine (R8) with a specific anionic Pho.…”

“…There are several ways to attach phosphate groups on the surface of NPs. They can be anchored on the surface of lipid‐based NPs utilizing phosphorylated surfactants, [ 78 ] or electrostatically attached in the form of polyphosphates onto cationic charged NPs. [ 29,79 ] There are several studies available that demonstrate the effectiveness of these kind of charge‐reversible NPs for mucosal drug delivery, both in vitro and in vivo.…”