Charge–discharge properties of surface-modified carbon by resin coating in Li-ion battery

Kim, J. S.; Yoon, Won-Sub; Yoo, Kye Sang; Park, G. S.; Lee, C. W.; Murakami, Yasukazu; Shindo, Daisuke

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00909-0

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Another way of improving the effectiveness at a system level is through so called multifunctional battery technologies. The idea is to let the battery perform several functions, in particular carry a mechanical load and still maintain the energy storage function.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Hagberg

Leijonmarck

Lindbergh

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fibers have the combined mechanical and electrochemical properties needed to make them particularly well suited for usage as electrodes in a structural lithium-ion battery, a material that simultaneously works as a battery and a structural composite. Presented in this paper is an evaluation of commercial polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers in terms of capacity and coulombic efficiency, as well as a microstructural and surface evaluation. Some polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers intercalate lithium ions, resulting in a similar capacity as state-of-the-art graphite based electrodes, presently the most commonly used negative electrode material. Using high precision coulometry, we found a capacity of around 250-350 mAh/g and a very high coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% after ten cycles, which is even higher than a commercial state-of-the art graphitic electrode evaluated as reference. The high coulombic efficiency is attributed to the very low surface area of the carbon fibers, resulting in a small and stable solid-electrolyte interface layer. A highly graphitized ultra high modulus carbon fiber was evaluated as well and, compared to the other fibers, less lithium was inserted (corresponding to approximately 150 mAh/g). We show that the use of carbon fibers as an electrode material in a structural composite battery is indeed viable. The demand for new and improved battery technologies is continuously rising. In particular the electrification of the transportation sector needs innovative new solutions to develop and meet new demands. Much research is dedicated to pushing the limits of lithium (Li)-ion batteries in terms of energy, power, safety, cost, lifetime and environmental aspects.Improving graphite and other carbon based electrodes has been extensively researched since the beginning of the 90s since they are the dominating type of negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries.1-5 Another way of improving the effectiveness at a system level is through so called multifunctional battery technologies. The idea is to let the battery perform several functions, in particular carry a mechanical load and still maintain the energy storage function. The weight at a system level can be reduced, and a performance enhancement can be achieved, even if the battery function is not on par with conventional state of the art Li-ion batteries. Batteries could be included as an integral part of the structure in different kinds of vehicles, such as cars or even airplanes. Multifunctionality of materials for battery and capacitor applications has been researched in various ways for a number of years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

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confidence: 99%

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Hagberg

Leijonmarck

Lindbergh

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The surface modification or fluorination of graphite [1][2][3] has been assumed to yield important electrode modifications by Tressaud et al, 4 i.e., Surface oxygen is reduced to some extent. The surface area of the electrode material is increased, with a subsequent increase of metal-ion intercalation and/or adsorption in the electrode.…”

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Green Fluorination of Natural Graphite and its Application in Rechargeable Magnesium Ion Transfer Battery

Rani

Rushi

Kanakaiah

et al. 2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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For the first time, natural graphite is successfully fluorinated electrochemically using triethylamine tri(hydrofluoride) (C 2 H 5 ) 3 N.3HF adduct. The nature of the C-F bond formed in graphite fluoride is deduced from FT-IR, Raman and XPS spectroscopy. Electrochemical discharge of the semi-ionic fluorinated graphite as cathode in magnesium cell is investigated and the discharge capacity of the C-F electrode is found to be 548 mAh/g. Graphite-fluorine cathode prepared by this procedure showed rechargeable nature in combination with magnesium anode. Fluorine based materials have a prominent place in energy storage and conversion systems. Its use stems from the intrinsic stability and ability to generate high electrochemical energy as electrodes. These attributes are direct result of the extraordinary electro negativity of fluorine and exceptionally high free energy of formation of fluorides.The surface modification or fluorination of graphite 1-3 has been assumed to yield important electrode modifications by Tressaud et al.,4 i.e., Surface oxygen is reduced to some extent. The surface area of the electrode material is increased, with a subsequent increase of metal-ion intercalation and/or adsorption in the electrode. This latter property may be due to two factors: (i) an increase in the structural disorder caused by fluorination which probably diminishes the length of the graphitic domains and induces the formation of surface nanopores in which excess metal can be accommodated.Graphite fluorides have been studied as cathode materials in lithium 5-8 or aluminum batteries 9 Nakajima et al. 10 had shown that a low fluorination of graphite can improve the capacitance of C-F in Li battery system during the insertion into the resulting materials in comparison with graphite. As a matter of fact the treated graphite samples, which contain small amounts of fluorine (0.5-3.7 atom %), exhibit discharge capacities of about 380 mAh/g. Giraudet et al. 11 had reported the preparation method of semi-ionic graphite fluoride material and used in lithium battery system, which showed a capacitance value of 530 mAh/g. Rechargeable metal-ion batteries are well adapted for portable electronic devices, research in this field mostly concerns lithium intercalation batteries. These batteries have two major limitations, cost of the battery and their environmental impact. Magnesium is an appropriate alternative for lithium, because it is less harmful and naturally more abundant than lithium.Preliminary work on Mg/graphite fluoride system 12 showed that graphite fluorides could be an interesting cathode for magnesium ion-transfer batteries, 13-17 the graphite fluoride used was prepared from iodine fluoride, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine gas. The nature of C-F bond in the graphite fluoride prepared by this method was covalent. One of reasons for poor efficiency of the system was difficult diffusion of Mg 2þ into the graphite fluoride material due to hindering of the IF z species in the material.Fluorine-graphite intercalation compounds...

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“…It is important to note that the low CE during the first cycle is not limited to 3D structures; that is, any nanostructured materials are susceptible to the irreversible capacity occurring in the first cycle. To solve the problem associated with high irreversible capacity during the first cycle, four main strategies have been implemented [72]: (1) oxidation of the graphite prismatic surface [73,74]; (2) deposition of inorganic materials and particles on the graphite particle's surface [75][76][77]; (3) the modification of the surface of graphite anode [78][79][80][81]; and (4) incorporation of carbonaceous coatings [82][83][84]. Those modified electrodes have shown high CE in the first cycle (up to 95%).…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

Kang

Cha

Patel

et al. 2016

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Carbon nanostructural materials have gained the spotlight as promising anode materials for energy storage; they exhibit unique physico-chemical properties such as large surface area, short Li + ion diffusion length, and high electrical conductivity, in addition to their long-term stability. However, carbon-nanostructured materials have issues with low areal and volumetric densities for the practical applications in electric vehicles, portable electronics, and power grid systems, which demand higher energy and power densities. One approach to overcoming these issues is to design and apply a three-dimensional (3D) electrode accommodating a larger loading amount of active anode materials while facilitating Li + ion diffusion. Furthermore, 3D nanocarbon frameworks can impart a conducting pathway and structural buffer to high-capacity non-carbon nanomaterials, which results in enhanced Li + ion storage capacity. In this paper, we review our recent progress on the design and fabrication of 3D carbon nanostructures, their performance in Li-ion batteries (LIBs), and their implementation into large-scale, lightweight, and flexible LIBs.

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Charge–discharge properties of surface-modified carbon by resin coating in Li-ion battery

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Green Fluorination of Natural Graphite and its Application in Rechargeable Magnesium Ion Transfer Battery

Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries

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