Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract ameliorates hyperglycemia by increasing GLUT2 through Akt2 and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats

Gezginci‐Oktayoglu, Selda; Saçan, Özlem; Bolkent, Şehnaz; İpçi, Yeşim; Kabasakal, Levent; Şener, Göksel; Yanardağ, Refiye

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2013.04.016

Cited by 49 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Interestingly, a most recent publication by Selda et al . reported that insulin increased GLUT2 via AKT in the liver [35]. In our mPGES-2 KO mice, we found a 2-fold elevation of the plasma insulin concentration under baseline conditions in parallel with a significant stimulation of insulin signalling and SREBP-1c expression in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhances liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2

Sun

Yang

Kakizoe

et al. 2014

Journal of Hepatology

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Background & Aims Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) deletion does not influence in vivo PGE2 production and the function of this enzyme remains elusive. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of mPGES-2 in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes and organ injuries. Methods mPGES-2 wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were treated by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at the dose of 120 mg/kg to induce type-1 diabetes. Subsequently, glycemic status and organ injuries were evaluated. Results Following 4 days of STZ administration, mPGES-2 KO mice exhibited severe lethality in contrast to the normal phenotype observed in WT control mice. In a separate experiment, the analysis was performed at day 3 of the STZ treatment in order to avoid lethality. Blood glucose levels were similar between STZ-treated KO and WT mice. However, the livers of KO mice were yellowish with severe global hepatic steatosis, in parallel with markedly elevated liver enzymes and remarkable stomach expansion. However, the morphology of the other organs was largely normal. The STZ-treated KO mice displayed extensive hepatocyte apoptosis compared with WT mice in parallel with markedly enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress. More interestingly, a liver-specific 50% upregulation of GLUT2 was found in the KO mice accompanied with a markedly enhanced STZ accumulation and this induction of GLUT2 was likely to be associated with the insulin/SREBP-1c pathway. Primary cultured hepatocytes of KO mice exhibited an increased sensitivity to STZ-induced injury and higher cellular STZ content, which was markedly blunted by the selective GLUT2 inhibitor phloretin. Conclusions mPGES-2 deletion enhanced STZ-induced liver toxicity possibly via GLUT2-mediated STZ uptake, independently of diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhances liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2

Sun

Yang

Kakizoe

et al. 2014

Journal of Hepatology

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“…These data were supported by the reduced oxidative stress parameters in the lung of hyperglycemic rat. Additionally, these data are in accordance with the findings of other authors, who have demonstrated the increase of the antioxidant defense system in the kidneys and livers of hyperglycemic rats that received chard extracts (Gezginci-Oktayoglu et al, 2014;Yanardag et al, 2002). It is well known that insulin therapy removed diabetic complications in the lung and the regression of hyperglycemia through insulin induced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Oztay et al, 2007;Sindhu et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Several studies reported the effect of chard in reducing hyperglycemia and its antioxidant property (Ozsoy-Sacan et al, 2004;Sacan & Yanardag, 2010;Yanardag et al, 2002). Administrations of chard extract resulted in reduced hyperglycemia and a decrease at the level of oxidative stress parameters in kidneys and livers of rats treated with STZ (Gezginci-Oktayoglu et al, 2014;Yanardag et al, 2002). Similar effects were noted in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…It is a low-cost plant that has widespread use in many traditional dishes. Several reports have demonstrated that chard has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in addition to its protective effect against hyperglycemia-induced tissue damage (Bolkent et al, 2000;Gezginci-Oktayoglu et al, 2014;Sacan & Yanardag, 2010). Phytochemical screenings of B. vulgaris varieties have revealed the presence of some saponins and flavonoids, which are hypoglycemic agents (Dijoux et al, 1995;Mroczek et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chard (Beta vulgarisvar.cicla) extract improved hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and surfactant-associated protein alterations in rat lungs

Öztay¹,

Saçan

Kayalar³

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Chard is used as an antidiabetic agent by the diabetic patients in Turkey. Objective: The effect of chard extract [Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla (Chenopodiaceae)] on the antioxidant system and the expression of surfactant-associated proteins (SP) in the lungs of hyperglycemic rats were examined. Materials and methods: Hyperglycemia was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) provided intraperitoneally. Fourteen days after the rats were rendered hyperglycemic, the chard (2 g/kg/d), insulin (6 U/kg/d), and chard plus insulin (as mentioned above) were administered to rats for 45 d. On day 60, rats' lungs were removed. Oxidative stress parameters and SP expression were assayed. Results: The lungs of hyperglycemic rats were characterized by the induced lipid and protein oxidation, elevated myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities, decreased glutathione levels, and reduced tissue factor and antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase). Chard treatment alone and chard treatment combined with insulin were capable of achieving a regression of pulmonary oxidative stress, by inhibiting lipid and protein oxidation, and restoring the antioxidant system of hyperglycemic rats. SP-A expressions were significantly unchanged in all groups, whereas pro-SP-C and SP-D expressions were reduced in hyperglycemic rats. Pro-SP-C and SP-D levels were increased by chard and insulin administrations alone and combined in hyperglycemic rats. Discussion and conclusion: All treatments have a positive effect on the surfactant and antioxidant systems of the lungs of hyperglycemic rats. The best therapeutic effect was provided by treatment with chard extract alone in the compensation of hyperglycemic symptoms.

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“…The extract of this plant protects the liver in patients with DM; 56 the chard extract might improve the glucose response by increasing GLUT2 through Akt2 and antioxidant defences in the liver, 57 regenerating pancreatic beta-cells and increasing insulin secretion. 58,59 The primary phenolic fraction (P2) components were vitexin-2’O-rhamnoside, its demethylated form 2’-xylosylvitexin, isorhamnetin 3- gentiobioside, and rutin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemistry and immunolocalisation of glucokinin in antidiabetic plants used in traditional Mexican medicine

et al. 2017

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Mexico is a megadiverse country that has 3600 to 4000 species of medicinal plants, of which approximately 800 are used to treat conditions related to diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a chronic degenerative disease of energy metabolism that exists as two types: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). DM is considered a public health problem that affects 7% of the Mexican population older than 20 years. DM is clinically controlled with hypoglycaemic drugs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretion stimulants or the direct application of insulin. The hypoglycaemic effectiveness of specific molecules has been determined only for some medicinal plants in Mexico used to treat DM2. The presence of molecules called glucokinins, wich are similar to animal insulin molecules, has been reported in some plant species; glucokinins act as both growth factors and regulators of glucose metabolism in plants. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypoglycaemic effectiveness of some of the popularly used species for the control of DM could be due to the presence of glucokinin, as reported for Bauhinia variegata.The goal of this work was to use histochemistry to detect, the accumulation of protein that is immunocytochemically compatible with glucokinin in slide sections of hypoglycaemic species used as remedies for DM2. The top fourteen most used medicinal plants in Mexico were selected for study via microscopic sections. Proteins were histochemically detected using naphthol blue black and Johansen’s quadruple stain, and the immunocytochemical correspondence of the proteins with glucokinin was investigated using an insulin antibody. All species studied reacted positively to proteins and glucokinin in the same structures. The presence of glucokinin in these structures and the corresponding hypoglycaemic effects are discussed in the context of the actions of other compounds.

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Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla) extract ameliorates hyperglycemia by increasing GLUT2 through Akt2 and antioxidant defense in the liver of rats

Cited by 49 publications

References 36 publications

mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhances liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2

mPGES-2 deletion remarkably enhances liver injury in streptozotocin-treated mice via induction of GLUT2

Chard (Beta vulgarisvar.cicla) extract improved hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and surfactant-associated protein alterations in rat lungs

Histochemistry and immunolocalisation of glucokinin in antidiabetic plants used in traditional Mexican medicine

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