Histochemistry and immunolocalisation of glucokinin in antidiabetic plants used in traditional Mexican medicine

Abstract

Mexico is a megadiverse country that has 3600 to 4000 species of medicinal plants, of which approximately 800 are used to treat conditions related to diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a chronic degenerative disease of energy metabolism that exists as two types: type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2). DM is considered a public health problem that affects 7% of the Mexican population older than 20 years. DM is clinically controlled with hypoglycaemic drugs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin secretion stimulants or the direct application of insulin. The hypoglycaemic effectiveness of specific molecules has been determined only for some medicinal plants in Mexico used to treat DM2. The presence of molecules called glucokinins, wich are similar to animal insulin molecules, has been reported in some plant species; glucokinins act as both growth factors and regulators of glucose metabolism in plants. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypoglycaemic effectiveness of some of the popularly used species for the control of DM could be due to the presence of glucokinin, as reported for Bauhinia variegata.The goal of this work was to use histochemistry to detect, the accumulation of protein that is immunocytochemically compatible with glucokinin in slide sections of hypoglycaemic species used as remedies for DM2. The top fourteen most used medicinal plants in Mexico were selected for study via microscopic sections. Proteins were histochemically detected using naphthol blue black and Johansen’s quadruple stain, and the immunocytochemical correspondence of the proteins with glucokinin was investigated using an insulin antibody. All species studied reacted positively to proteins and glucokinin in the same structures. The presence of glucokinin in these structures and the corresponding hypoglycaemic effects are discussed in the context of the actions of other compounds.

Anti-Hyperglycaemic Evaluation of Buddleia indica Leaves Using In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Studies and Its Correlation with the Major Phytoconstituents

“…Although B. cordata was previously reported to contain linarin, vanilic acid and verbascoside, nothing was reported about its antihyperglycaemic activity. Meanwhile the different extracts of B. polystachya displayed potent antihyperglycaemic activity, particularly the ethyl acetate fraction followed by the dichloromethane fraction, whereas the n-butanol fraction revealed the least anti-hyperglycaemic potential that further consolidates our obtained results [17]. It is worth noting that B. saligna, a South African medicinal plant, is traditionally popular by its antidiabetic activity owing to α-glucosidase's inhibitory potential of its triterpenes [18].…”

“…It is clearly obvious that both BIT and BIE exerted potent antioxidant activity in addition to effectively ameliorating hyperglycaemia via reducing FBG that is mainly relied upon for their richness with phytoconstituents. A few Buddleia species were previously reported to possess antihyperglycaemic activity, such as B. incana, B.officinalis, and B. polystachya [15][16][17]. Although B. cordata was previously reported to contain linarin, vanilic acid and verbascoside, nothing was reported about its antihyperglycaemic activity.…”

“…species were previously reported to possess antihyperglycaemic activity, such as B. incana, B.officinalis, and B. polystachya [15][16][17]. Although B. cordata was previously reported to contain linarin, vanilic acid and verbascoside, nothing was reported about its antihyperglycaemic activity.…”

Recursos herbolarios empleados en el control de la glucosa en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2 en la cienega de chapala, michoacan. Un reencuentro con la tradición / Herbal resources used in the control of Glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus 2, in cienega de chapala, michoacan. A reunion with tradition

“…Laguna-Hernández, et al 2017).Se tienen registradas 300 especies vegetales que a partir de información etnobotánica registrada por el Herbario Medicinal del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social son usadas tradicionalmente en el tratamiento de la DM 2 (Juárez-Flores, 2006 y Esquivel-Gutiérrez, et al 2012)3 MATERIALES Y METODOSInicialmente se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de literatura científica sobre especies botánicas con propiedades hipoglucemiantes empleadas en diversas partes del mundo posteriormente se realizó un el acopio de información de conocimientos o saberes comunitarios sobre uso de recursos herbolarios para control de la DM 2 y sus complicaciones para ello se efectuó trabajo de campo en el cual se visitaron 12 localidades del noroeste del Estado de Michoacán que corresponden a cuatro municipios de la región denominada Ciénega de Chapala, estos fueron: Jiquilpan, Sahuayo, Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, Curitiba, v.4, n.4, p. 4925-4943 out./dez.. 2021.Venustiano Carranza y Marcos Castellanos. Las localidades fueron: Abadiano, Cojumatlán, El Fresno, El Guirio, El Rincón de San Andrés, La China, La Palma, Las Ánimas, Los Laureles, Los Remedios, Paredones y Santa Bárbara.…”