Charcoal injection in blast furnaces (Bio-PCI): CO2 reduction potential and economic prospects

Feliciano-Bruzual, Cristobal

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2014.06.001

Cited by 73 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The idea is to replace pulverized coal (an auxiliary fuel), which is injected in large amounts in Swedish blast furnaces. The needed biomass is found in ample amounts in Sweden and available knowledge suggests that operating conditions will not be fundamentally affected [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the years, injection of pulverized coal (PC) has been introduced worldwide in the majority of all blast furnaces [2]-foremost as a cost saving measure. A previous study by some of the authors; Orre et al [12], investigates the economic impact of introducing a range of injectants, where injections clearly lower the production cost versus an all-coke operating mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though, this practice might now pave the way of using significant portions of biofuel. Of the different streams of fossil fuel to the blast furnace, replacing the injection is understood as the easiest way to introduce biomass [2][3][4][5][6]. Thus, in Sweden, the carbon footprint of blast furnaces is possible to reduce significantly and since Sweden has abundant forest resources, favorable conditions exist for companies to pioneer this method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass as blast furnace injectant – Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry

Wang¹,

Mellin

Lövgren³

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

131

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a b s t r a c tWe have investigated and modeled the injection of biomass into blast furnaces (BF), in place of pulverized coal (PC) from fossil sources. This is the easiest way to reduce CO 2 emissions, beyond efficiencyimprovements. The considered biomass is either pelletized, torrefied or pyrolyzed. It gives us three cases where we have calculated the maximum replacement ratio for each. It was found that charcoal from pyrolysis can fully replace PC, while torrefied material and pelletized wood can replace 22.8% and 20.0% respectively, by weight.Our energy and mass balance model (MASMOD), with metallurgical sub-models for each zone, further indicates that (1) more Blast Furnace Gas (BFG) will be generated resulting in reduced fuel consumption in an integrated plant, (2) lower need of limestone can be expected, (3) lower amount of generated slag as well, and (4) reduced fuel consumption for heating the hot blast is anticipated. Overall, substantial energy savings are possible, which is one of the main findings in this paper.Due to the high usage of PC in Sweden, large amounts of biomass is required if full substitution by charcoal is pursued (6.19 TWh/y). But according to our study, it is likely available in the long term for the blast furnace designated M3 (located in Luleå).Finally, over a year with almost fully used production capacity (2008 used as reference), a 28.1% reduction in on-site emissions is possible by using charcoal. Torrefied material and wood pellets can reduce the emissions by 6.4% and 5.7% respectively. The complete replacement of PC in BF M3 can reduce 17.3% of the total emissions from the Swedish steel industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass as blast furnace injectant – Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry

Wang¹,

Mellin

Lövgren³

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

131

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“…The European Union (EU) has set a target to cut 80% of the CO 2 of fossil carbon, by 2050 [3]. In several studies the possible decrease in fossil CO 2 emissions by using biomass is reported [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reduction Behavior of Bio-Coal Containing Iron Ore Composites

El-Tawil

Ahmed

Ökvist

et al. 2020

Metals

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The utilization of CO2 neutral carbon instead of fossil carbon is one way to mitigate CO2 emissions in the steel industry. Using reactive reducing agent, e.g., bio-coal (pre-treated biomass) in iron ore composites for the blast furnace can also enhance the self-reduction. The current study aims at investigating the self-reduction behavior of bio-coal containing iron ore composites under inert conditions and simulated blast furnace thermal profile. Composites with and without 10% bio-coal and sufficient amount of coke breeze to keep the C/O molar ratio equal to one were mixed and Portland cement was used as a binder. The self-reduction of composites was investigated by thermogravimetric analyses under inert atmosphere. To explore the reduction progress in each type of composite vertical tube furnace tests were conducted in nitrogen atmosphere up to temperatures selected based on thermogravimetric results. Bio-coal properties as fixed carbon, volatile matter content and ash composition influence the reduction of iron oxide. The reduction of the bio-coal containing composites begins at about 500 °C, a lower temperature compared to that for the composite with coke as only carbon source. The hematite was successfully reduced to metallic iron at 850 °C by using bio-coal, whereas with coke as a reducing agent temperature up to 1100 °C was required.

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“…A substituição parcial do carvão por um combustível renovável como a biomassa é atrativa no setor siderúrgico, uma vez que a neutralidade da biomassa em relação as emissões de CO2 pode contribuir com a redução dessas emissões nas usinas [1]. O processo de injeção via ventaneiras dos altos-fornos (Pulverized Coal Injection -PCI) é bem estabelecido e flexível à incorporação de biomassa pulverizada em misturas com carvões.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Combustão E Oxi-Combustão De Carvões E Eucaliptos Termicamente Tratados Com Vistas À Injeção Em Altos-Fornos

Pohlmann¹,

Vilela²,

Borrego³

et al. 2017

Anais Dos Seminários De Redução, Minério De Ferro E Aglomeração

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ResumoA redução das emissões de CO 2 pela substituição parcial de carvões por um combustível renovável como a biomassa é um assunto de crescente interesse na siderurgia. As emissões de CO 2 na etapa de redução podem ser reduzidas pelo uso de biomassa como combustível ou pela queima em condições de oxi-combustão. Este trabalho visa investigar a combustibilidade de eucaliptos termicamente tratados em laboratório em atmosferas convencional (O 2 /N 2 ) e de oxi-combustão (O 2 /CO 2 ), comparando com uma moinha de carvão vegetal e carvões típicos do processo de injeção em altos-fornos (PCI). Os testes de combustibilidade foram conduzidos em um forno de queda livre (DTF) a 1.300°C com diferentes proporções de O 2 /N 2 e O 2 /CO 2 . Os chars do DTF foram caracterizados quanto à aparência ao microscópio, área superficial e reatividade. Os eucaliptos termicamente tratados apresentaram as maiores combustibilidades, seguidos pela moinha e pelos carvões. Os chars das biomassas apresentaram estruturas mais reativas do que os chars dos carvões, e maiores áreas superficiais e reatividades. As poucas diferenças de combustibilidade e reatividade devido à atmosfera de oxi-combustão indicaram que, se aplicada ao alto-forno, esta tecnologia pode não ocasionar efeitos negativos no comportamento de carvões e biomassas.Palavras-chave: Biomassa; Carvão; Combustão; PCI. COMBUSTION AND OXICOMBUSTION OF COALS AND THERMALLY TREATED EUCALYPTUS AIMING AT BLAST FURNACE INJECTION AbstractReduction of CO 2 emissions due to partial substitution of coal by a renewable fuel, like woody biomass, is a subject of increasing interest in the ironmaking process. The use of biomass and the oxi-combustion could contribute to mitigate such emissions. This study aims to investigate the combustibility in conventional and oxi-combustion atmospheres of thermally treated eucalyptus, charcoal fines and of two bituminous coals typically used for Pulverized Coal Injection (PCI) in blast furnace. Combustion tests at different O 2 /N 2 and O 2 /CO 2 atmospheres were carried out in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) at 1,300°C. The characteristics of the chars were evaluated by its reactivity to CO 2 in thermobalance, optical microscopy and adsorption isotherms techniques. The conversion of biomasses in the DTF was greater than those of the coals. The biomass yielded chars with more reactive structures, greater surface areas and reactivities than the coals. The few differences on combustion and reactivity due to oxi-combustion atmosphere indicate that chars formed under such conditions at the same oxygen content would not differ significantly when reacted in the blast furnace stack.

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Charcoal injection in blast furnaces (Bio-PCI): CO2 reduction potential and economic prospects

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Biomass as blast furnace injectant – Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry

Biomass as blast furnace injectant – Considering availability, pretreatment and deployment in the Swedish steel industry

Self-Reduction Behavior of Bio-Coal Containing Iron Ore Composites

Combustão E Oxi-Combustão De Carvões E Eucaliptos Termicamente Tratados Com Vistas À Injeção Em Altos-Fornos

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