Characterizing the spatial mismatch between intimate partner violence related healthcare services and arrests in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Abstract

BackgroundRoutine screening and intervention for intimate partner violence (IPV) in healthcare settings constitutes an important secondary prevention strategy for identifying individuals experiencing IPV early and connecting them with appropriate services. Considerable variation in available IPV-related healthcare services exists and interventions are needed to improve the quality of these services. One way to prioritize intervention efforts is by examining the level of services provided in communities most at risk relative to local incidence or prevalence of IPV. To inform future interventions, this study examined the spatial relationship between IPV-related healthcare services and IPV arrests in Miami-Dade County, Florida, and identified predictors of the observed spatial mismatch.MethodsSurvey data collected in 2014 from 278 health facilities pertaining to IPV services were geocoded, computed into a density layer, and aggregated at the census tract level to create a population-based normalized comprehensiveness score (NCS) as a proxy for IPV-related healthcare resources. IPV arrests from 2011 to 2015, collected from the county court, were geocoded and summarized by census tracts to serve as a proxy for IPV prevalence. These measures were combined into a resource disparity score (RDS) that compared relative service density to relative arrest rates, where positive RDS represented over-resourced neighborhoods and negative RDS corresponded to under-resourced neighborhoods. We used correlation analyses and a two-phase spatial modeling approach to evaluate correlates of NCS and RDS.ResultsA spatial lag model did not yield an association between NCS and IPV arrests, demonstrating a spatial mismatch, which we visualized using a Geographic Information System (GIS). A spatial error model revealed that the percentage of white non-Hispanic residents was positively associated with RDS, while percent black non-Hispanic, median age, ethnic heterogeneity, and economic disadvantage were negatively associated with RDS.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the need to further evaluate the adequacy of IPV-related healthcare resources for secondary prevention relative to local IPV arrest rates, particularly within economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Our approach demonstrates the utility of GIS for identifying potential priority regions for IPV prevention efforts and resource allocation.

Structural Racism and Breast Cancer-specific Survival

“…1B) underscored the very small number of NHW households in these communities. These socio-spatial patterns are consistent with those observed in Miami-Dade County for other noncommunicable public health issues such as colorectal cancer, gunshot injuries, and intimate partner violence 25–27 …”

“…These socio-spatial patterns are consistent with those observed in Miami-Dade County for other noncommunicable public health issues such as colorectal cancer, gunshot injuries, and intimate partner violence. [25][26][27] Breast Cancer-Specific Survival During the study period, 724 deaths were attributable to breast cancer (12.2%). Number of events by segregation and race/ethnicity can be found in Supplemental Digital Content Table 1, http://links.lww.com/SLA/D626.…”

The Association Between Social and Spatial Closeness With PrEP Conversations Among Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men

“…53 Future research could consider calculating the spatial mismatch of neighborhoods using the proxy of census tracts through a PrEP-to-need ratio (number of PrEP prescriptions divided by number of new HIV diagnoses), as has been previously conducted with other health topics. 54 It is interesting to note that the sociocentric visualizations reveal that 1 network did not discuss PrEP at all (network 10). This network also seems to be spatially close.…”

“…53 Future research could consider calculating the spatial mismatch of neighborhoods using the proxy of census tracts through a PrEP-to-need ratio (number of PrEP prescriptions divided by number of new HIV diagnoses), as has been previously conducted with other health topics. 54…”

Frequency of Intimate Partner Violence among an Urban Emergency Department Sample: A Multilevel Analysis

“…Lastly, Census tracts served as a proxy for neighborhoods. Because these units of measurement are designed for administrative Census purposes, they may not necessarily align with residents’ conceptions of what constitutes their neighborhood [ 66 ].…”