Characterizing the drivers of seedling leaf gas exchange responses to warming
and altered precipitation: indirect and direct effects

Smith, Nicholas G.; Pold, Grace; Goranson, Carol E.; Dukes, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw066

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The tree seedlings in this study were grown within a high-light, old-field ecosystem, thereby simulating early secondary successional dynamics. Previous studies at this same experimental field site have found that the precipitation treatments altered heterotrophic soil respiration ( Suseela et al 2012 ), herbaceous plant water use efficiency ( Rodgers et al 2012 ) and tree seedling photosynthesis rates ( Smith et al 2016 ). In contrast, warming has had more limited direct effects, in part because of process acclimation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Within each of the 36 split-plots, soil moisture was monitored weekly as relative extractable water ( θ R ) using pairs of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) waveguides installed vertically to provide integrated measures of volumetric soil moisture in the top 10 cm and top 30 cm; calculations in Vicca et al (2012) and Smith et al (2016) . Soil temperature was monitored using custom-made linear temperature sensors placed at 2 and 10 cm below the soil surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Warming suppressed the temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic ( Suseela et al 2012 ) and total soil respiration ( Suseela and Dukes 2013 ), as well as soil nitrogen transformations ( Auyeung et al . 2013 ), but also increased leaf nitrogen concentration in herbaceous plant tissue ( Rodgers et al 2012 ) and increased the intrinsic water use efficiency of tree seedlings ( Smith et al 2016 ). The combination of warming and dry conditions suppressed total herbaceous plant production, shoot production and plant species richness ( Hoeppner and Dukes 2012 ), doubled the concentration of total tannins in A. rubrum leaf litter ( Tharayil et al 2011 ) and increased concentrations of other water-stress-related compounds in Q. rubra leaves ( Suseela et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

et al. 2018

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Using a fully factorial precipitation by warming experiment in an old-field ecosystem in the northeastern USA we studied the climatic sensitivity of seedlings of six native tree species. Warm and dry conditions suppressed seedling growth, but affected species differently by increasing mortality, enhancing rates of herbivory or decreasing foliar carbon uptake. Our results indicate that, in the northeastern USA, dry years in a future warmer environment could have damaging effects on the growth capacity of early secondary successional forests, through species-specific effects on leaf production, herbivory and mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

et al. 2018

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“…Shorter-term changes in temperature (approximately days to weeks) also affect leaf respiration; as with adaptation, this acclimation response tends to slow temperature-standardized respiration after warmer periods of time . Respiration may also accelerate or slow under water stress as a result of an increase in maintenance demand or decrease in growth demand, respectively (Wright et al 2006, Smith et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of leaf carbon exchange capacity across biomes at the continental scale

Smith

Dukes

2018

Ecology

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Realistic representations of plant carbon exchange processes are necessary to reliably simulate biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks. These processes are known to vary over time and space, though the drivers of the underlying rates are still widely debated in the literature. Here, we measured leaf carbon exchange in >500 individuals of 98 species from the Neotropics to high boreal biomes to determine the drivers of photosynthetic and dark respiration capacity. Covariate abiotic (long- and short-term climate) and biotic (plant type, plant size, ontogeny, water status) data were used to explore significant drivers of temperature-standardized leaf carbon exchange rates. Using model selection, we found the previous week's temperature and soil moisture at the time of measurement to be a better predictor of photosynthetic capacity than long-term climate, with the combination of high recent temperatures and low soil moisture tending to decrease photosynthetic capacity. Non-trees (annual and perennials) tended to have greater photosynthetic capacity than trees, and, within trees, adults tended to have greater photosynthetic capacity than juveniles, possibly as a result of differences in light availability. Dark respiration capacity was less responsive to the assessed drivers than photosynthetic capacity, with rates best predicted by multi-year average site temperature alone. Our results suggest that, across large spatial scales, photosynthetic capacity quickly adjusts to changing environmental conditions, namely light, temperature, and soil moisture. Respiratory capacity is more conservative and most responsive to longer-term conditions. Our results provide a framework for incorporating these processes into large-scale models and a data set to benchmark such models.

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“…While realized responses to climate change will be strongly influenced by other extrinsic factors, such as water (Smith, Pold, Goranson, & Dukes, 2016), nutrient limitations (Sigurdsson, Medhurst, Wallin, Eggertsson, & Linder, 2013), photosynthetic acclimation to CO 2 (Ainsworth & Long, 2005), and disturbances (Randerson et al, 2006), we focus here on the effects of temperature and CO 2 alone, providing a best-case scenario for boreal stand responses to climate change in the absence of these limitations. We hypothesized that: (a) modelled net C-gain would be stimulated by both warming and combined warming and elevated CO 2 in boreal trees species across a broad range of seasonal tem-…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelled net carbon gain responses to climate change in boreal trees: Impacts of photosynthetic parameter selection and acclimation

Stinziano

Bauerle

2018

Global Change Biology

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Boreal forests are crucial in regulating global vegetation‐atmosphere feedbacks, but the impact of climate change on boreal tree carbon fluxes is still unclear. Given the sensitivity of global vegetation models to photosynthetic and respiration parameters, we determined how predictions of net carbon gain (C‐gain) respond to variation in these parameters using a stand‐level model (MAESTRA). We also modelled how thermal acclimation of photosynthetic and respiratory temperature sensitivity alters predicted net C‐gain responses to climate change. We modelled net C‐gain of seven common boreal tree species under eight climate scenarios across a latitudinal gradient to capture a range of seasonal temperature conditions. Physiological parameter values were taken from the literature together with different approaches for thermally acclimating photosynthesis and respiration. At high latitudes, net C‐gain was stimulated up to 400% by elevated temperatures and CO2 in the autumn but suppressed at the lowest latitudes during midsummer under climate scenarios that included warming. Modelled net C‐gain was more sensitive to photosynthetic capacity parameters (Vcmax, Jmax, Arrhenius temperature response parameters, and the ratio of Jmax to Vcmax) than stomatal conductance or respiration parameters. The effect of photosynthetic thermal acclimation depended on the temperatures where it was applied: acclimation reduced net C‐gain by 10%–15% within the temperature range where the equations were derived but decreased net C‐gain by 175% at temperatures outside this range. Thermal acclimation of respiration had small, but positive, impacts on net C‐gain. We show that model simulations are highly sensitive to variation in photosynthetic parameters and highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms and drivers underlying this variability (e.g., whether variability is environmentally and/or biologically driven) for further model improvement.

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Characterizing the drivers of seedling leaf gas exchange responses to warming and altered precipitation: indirect and direct effects

Cited by 8 publications

References 68 publications

Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

Drivers of leaf carbon exchange capacity across biomes at the continental scale

Modelled net carbon gain responses to climate change in boreal trees: Impacts of photosynthetic parameter selection and acclimation

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