Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

Rodgers, Vikki; Smith, Nicholas G.; Hoeppner, Susanne S.; Dukes, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1093/aobpla/ply003

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(93 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The two studies that simultaneously examined CO 2 and temperature found no interactive effect on feeding damage (Johns et al ., 2003; Himanen et al ., 2009). Yet, temperature and drought interacted to augment herbivre damage on St John's wort flowers (Fox et al ., 1999) and red oak leaves (Rodgers et al ., 2018). In addition, Lu et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change alters plant–herbivore interactions

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change alters plant–herbivore interactions

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These trends are not universal, however, and many studies stress that the effects of higher temperatures are often species‐ and site‐specific. In a meta‐analysis by Rustad et al (2001), forest growth had both positive and negative responses to warming with a net response of ~0, and other studies report higher latitude tree species can experience reduced growth in higher temperatures, based on to (a) the form of the species (deciduous vs. evergreen, with evergreens more often showing negative effects; Way and Oren 2010); (b) when the species is growing near its warm range limit (Reich et al 2015); (c) when soil fertility is insufficient to support faster growth (Ryan 2013); and (d) when warming is combined with reduced precipitation (Wu et al 2011, Rodgers et al 2018). These contrasting results demonstrate the need for more study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher temperatures increase growth rates of Rocky Mountain montane tree seedlings

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent observational studies report weak or flat temperature − growth relationships for many tree species in temperate forests. In contrast, distribution limits of trees are strongly shaped by temperature, and studies show marked short-term temperature effects on leaf-level ecophysiology. To better determine the effects of warming on trees, we planted one-year-old seedlings of one lower montane (ponderosa pine), two upper montane (quaking aspen and lodgepole pine), and one subalpine tree species (subalpine fir) in in situ experimental gardens on an elevation gradient in the Rocky Mountains (USA) which span a 6°C range in temperature but have approximately uniform precipitation. Seedlings were lightly watered the first three growing seasons to facilitate establishment, and growth and survivorship were followed for four years. We expected a trade-off between growth and survivorship, as seedlings in high temperatures grow faster (e.g., with a longer growing season), but have higher mortality from heat stress. Compared to the coldest site, aspen (+256% wider, +337% taller), ponderosa pine (+234% wider, 270% taller), and lodgepole pine (+235% wider, 283% taller) all had strikingly higher cumulative diameter and height growth in the warmest site by the end of the study. Linear models of cumulative and annual growth in the montane species showed strong, positive relationships with growing-season temperature, but no significant relationships with growing-season precipitation. In contrast, growth of subalpine fir did not vary significantly with temperature, but increased slightly with higher growing-season precipitation. Accelerated growth did not come at the expense of survivorship in the montane species: cumulative four-year survivorship of the montane species remained robust (71.4-94.4%) in high temperatures, but caused complete mortality of subalpine fir. As long as precipitation remains adequate, these results indicate that warming is likely to strongly increase growth in seedlings of montane species with only modest decreases in survivorship despite higher evapotranspiration, especially in cooler and wetter portions of their current distributions where hydric stress is low. In contrast, warming may negatively affect seedling growth and survival in hotter and drier areas of the Rockies, and warming of +3-6°C may endanger the persistence of subalpine fir over much of its current distribution.

show abstract

“…This research was conducted in an old‐field ecosystem at the Boston area climate experiment (BACE) site in Waltham, Massachusetts (42°23′N, 71°13′W). The species composition at the site consists of a mix of native and introduced annual, biennial and perennial grasses and forbs, and planted native tree seedlings (Hoeppner & Dukes, 2012; Rodgers et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three resource supply treatment levels were: ambient rainfall (‘ambient’), 50% reduced rainfall (‘drought’) and 50% increased rainfall (‘wet’). Precipitation treatments at the BACE site are achieved using partial rainout shelters (established in 2007) that collect half of the precipitation over the drought treatments and immediately deliver it to the wet treatments via pumps and a sprinkler system (Figure ; see Hoeppner & Dukes, 2012; Rodgers et al, 2018 for more information about the BACE site). In total, we used 36 plots (3 treatments × 3 shelters × 4 replicates), each 2 m × 2 m, within which we established smaller sampling plots (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic analysis of invasible habitat fraction identifies context‐dependent roles of resource availability and biotic resistance in determining invasion success

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Theories of plant invasions predict that plant communities should be more easily invaded when resources increase and/or competition decreases. We tested this with an experimentally introduced plant population by manipulating precipitation and resident community biomass. We used a spatially explicit demographic approach to develop a new population‐level metric of invasibility that quantifies the invasible habitat fraction (IHF) across the landscape. The existing community was essentially uninvasible (median IHF ≈ 0%), but experimental manipulations greatly increased the range of outcomes, with maximum observed IHF values over 50%. However, changes in invasibility were often context‐dependent, resulting in some outcomes that aligned with existing theory, and others that were not readily predicted. Moreover, variation in invasibility was often driven by specific sets of invader demographic vital rates. Removing competitors revealed the capacity for strong biotic resistance, but this interacted with precipitation such that little biotic resistance was detected under drought conditions. Adding precipitation typically had little positive effect on invasibility, and moderate drought relief led to relatively high invasibility. However, the latter was driven to a large extent by interactions with mammal herbivory that otherwise inhibited invasion in one year. Synthesis. Our findings show that interactions between abiotic and biotic factors, as well as legacy effects, can strongly mediate invasibility. This study also highlights the importance of incorporating spatial heterogeneity into population‐level assessments of invasion, as initial population declines do not necessarily indicate resistance to invasion.

show abstract

Warming increases the sensitivity of seedling growth capacity to rainfall in six temperate deciduous tree species

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Climate change alters plant–herbivore interactions

Climate change alters plant–herbivore interactions

Higher temperatures increase growth rates of Rocky Mountain montane tree seedlings

Demographic analysis of invasible habitat fraction identifies context‐dependent roles of resource availability and biotic resistance in determining invasion success

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About