Characterizing solute binding to macroporous ion exchange membrane adsorbers using confocal laser scanning microscopy

Use of confocal scanning laser microscopy to study virus retention during virus filtration

“…Confocal scanning laser microscopy has been used to study transport and binding of fluorescently-labeled proteins in chromatographic resins [12] and ion exchange membranes [13], as well as protein fouling in microfiltration membranes [14]. Fluorescent images of the virus filtration membranes were obtained using an Olympus Fluoview TM 1000 confocal scanning laser microscope (Olympus American Inc.) available in the cytometry facility at the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University.…”

Protein adsorption and separation with chitosan-based amphoteric membranes

“…as well as interaction modes (affinity, ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, reversed phase, etc.) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Non-enveloped virus reduction with quaternized chitosan nanofibers containing graphene

“…9 Viruses have been removed by nanofiltration membranes using the size-exclusion principle, but they have high backpressures and quickly foul. 10,11 Viruses have generally been captured with strong anion membranes 12,13 and specifically captured with receptors for influenza 14 and smallpox. 15 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are also becoming popular to use as a pore forming material in water filtration, but due to the small pore diameter of CNTs, the transmembrane pressure is high in CNT membranes.…”