Characterizing Passage of Personal Care Products Through Wastewater Treatment Processes

Oppenheimer, Joan; Stephenson, Roger; Loraine, Greg

doi:10.2175/193864705783856929

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…much higher than previously reported values for sewage (i.e., from <0.05 to 5.2 µg L -1 (21,23,30,36)). The reason could be that gray water does not contain either toilet water or stormwater to dilute the waste stream or the more frequent use of soaps with antibacterial effect within the 32 houses in the drainage area.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Occurrence of Xenobiotics in Gray Water and Removal in Three Biological Treatment Systems

Leal¹,

Vieno²,

Temmink³

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

106

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Eighteen selected xenobiotics related to personal care and household chemicals (UV-filters, fragrances, preservatives, biocides, surfactants) were measured in gray water from 32 houses and in effluents of three different biological treatment systems (aerobic, anaerobic, and combined anaerobic+aerobic). All selected xenobiotics were detected in gray water samples in the low microg L(-1) range. Generally, lower concentrations were measured after biological treatment and removal efficiencies were higher under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. However, most of the xenobiotics were still detected in biologically treated gray water. The most persistent compounds were the fragrance tonalide and the UV-filters 2-phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonic acid and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate. Estimated estrogenic potential of the effluent ranged between 0.07 and 0.72 ng L(-1) of 17beta-estradiol equivalents. Depending on the application of the effluent and its environmental risk, physical-chemical processes might be required to increase the removal efficiency of these compounds from gray water.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 70%

Occurrence of Xenobiotics in Gray Water and Removal in Three Biological Treatment Systems

Leal¹,

Vieno²,

Temmink³

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Iohexol, a commonly utilized iodinated contrast media administered at high doses for hospital diagnostic examinations and eliminated in the urine in nonmetabolized form within 24 h, has been reported in German wastewater treatment plant final effluents at concentrations 100 times above the limit of quantification (Kormos et al, 2011). Galaxolide, a polycyclic musk fragrance present in a wide variety of personal care products, has been observed at high frequency in wastewater influents in the western U.S. with incomplete removal through secondary activated sludge processes regardless of solids retention time (Oppenheimer et al, 2007) and identified as a useful sewage tracer (Hyer, 2007). Gadolinium (Gd), a rare earth element (REE) used in chelated form as a contrast media in magnetic resonance imaging, has been observed in urban area sewage treatment plant effluents at elevated levels outside of the normal REE pattern.…”

Section: Selection Of Markers For Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating sources of anthropogenic loading to impaired water bodies utilizing ratios of sucralose and other microconstituents

2012

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“…There is some synergy in goals as nutrient removal plants with increased sludge age should achieve increased removal of the microconstituentes that are biodegradable. EDC removal is being studied at an MLE plant in San Diego, California and at a MBR pilot plant in New Mexico as part of a Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) study (Oppenheimer, 2005). Oppenheimer et al (2006) reported that the research study for WERF evaluated removal of PPCP in six full-scale wastewater treatment plants in the United States and two pilot-scale MBRs operating over a wide range of SRT values.…”

Section: Applicable Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Microconstituents in the Selection of Treatment Technologies

Cleary¹

2009

proc water environ fed

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Some Microconstituents are known or potential Endocrine Disruptor Compounds (EDCs). Known EDCs can come from groups of compounds such as human and veterinary drugs, pesticides and industrial chemicals. Only some of the compounds in these groups are EDCs. EDCs include naturally occurring and synthetic steroid hormones, organohalides, metals, alkylphenols, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, crude oil and plasticizers. These compounds may interfere with hormone processes in both humans and wildlife. EDCs are being detected more in the environment in water, wastewater and biosolids as more studies are done and analytical techniques have progressed. This topic has galvanized the scientific, regulatory and public communities alike.This paper discusses the physical and chemical properties of these microconstituents and what types of treatment technologies are evaluated and used on projects. An approach for evaluating and developing wastewater treatment solutions is discussed. The approach includes first using process modeling to determine expected treatment performance using the physical and chemical properties. Bench-scale and pilot-scale treatability studies are then included in the approach to test treatment processes in the laboratory or field prior to design. Another part of the approach is developing and using cost and non-cost evaluation criteria to screen alternatives prior to the treatability testing.Three pharmaceutical case studies will be presented to show how treatment solutions are both plant location and compound specific. One case study will show how a pharmaceutical compound, which passes through conventional treatment, can be destroyed in pretreatment and reduce effluent toxicity. A second case study will show how one company determined the removal of a pharmaceutical active through treatability testing. A third case study will show an approach for determining the ultimate fate of the microconstituents and what percentage ends up in the treated effluent and in biosolids.The various case studies will show how the approach ties together the key issues and selection criteria to the overall selection of technologies. The combination of treatment technologies selected is used to achieve treatment/destruction of microconstituents and EDCs and determine the ultimate fate of the EDCs through treatment. KEY WORDSmicroconstituents active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) pharmaceutical wastewater treatment advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) membrane bioreactors process modeling WEFTEC 2009

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Characterizing Passage of Personal Care Products Through Wastewater Treatment Processes

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence of Xenobiotics in Gray Water and Removal in Three Biological Treatment Systems

Occurrence of Xenobiotics in Gray Water and Removal in Three Biological Treatment Systems

Differentiating sources of anthropogenic loading to impaired water bodies utilizing ratios of sucralose and other microconstituents

The Importance of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Microconstituents in the Selection of Treatment Technologies

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