Characterizing dynamic spatial and temporal residential density patterns from 1940–1990 across the North Central United States

Hammer, Roger B.; Stewart, Susan I.; Winkler, Richelle; Radeloff, Volker C.; Voss, Paul R.

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.011

Cited by 230 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The area of parcels was obtained from Anoka and Ramsey Counties 2008 GIS parcel layers (Regional Parcel Dataset 2008;Metropolitan Council, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA). The housing density map (units/km 2 ) was based on Hammer et al (2004) and Radeloff et al (2005), who used data from the 2000 U.S. Census.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras and their changes along an urbanization gradient

Knapp

Dinsmore

Fissore

et al. 2012

Ecology

131

124

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Abstract. Urban areas are among the most heavily managed landscapes in the world, yet they harbor a remarkable richness of species. Private yards are common habitats in urban areas and are places where cultivated species manage to escape cultivation and become part of the spontaneous species pool. Yards are novel ecosystems where community assembly is driven by both natural and anthropogenic processes. Phylogenetic diversity and functional traits are increasingly recognized as critical to understanding processes of community assembly. Recent evidence indicates that urban areas may select more closely related plant species from the pool of regionally occurring species than do nonurban areas, and that exotic species are phylogenetically clustered within communities. We tested whether phylogenetic diversity and functional trait composition in privately managed yards change along a gradient of housing density in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolis, Minnesota, USA, in accordance with these predictions. We also identified characteristics of the spontaneous yard flora by comparing its phylogenetic diversity and functional composition with the ''natural-areas'' species pool represented by the flora of nearby Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. Along the urbanization gradient, yards had more species per hectare in densely built regions than in lower-density regions, but phylogenetic diversity and functional composition did not change with housing density. In contrast, in comparison to species in natural areas, yard species were more closely related to each other and functionally distinct: They were more often short-lived, self-compatible, and had higher specific leaf area than species of Cedar Creek. The high number of exotic yard species increased the yard flora's phylogenetic relatedness in comparison to species of Cedar Creek, causing a degree of phylogenetic homogenization within yards. The urban environment and homeowners' preferences select for trait attributes and phylogenetic lineages that can colonize and persist in yards. As yard species disperse beyond household boundaries, their functional attributes will affect ecosystem processes in urban environments and beyond, such as accelerating decomposition rates. Limited phylogenetic diversity may reduce the potential of ecosystems to respond to environmental changes. As cities continue to expand globally, understanding the impacts of yard management for biodiversity and ecosystem services becomes increasingly important.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras and their changes along an urbanization gradient

Knapp

Dinsmore

Fissore

et al. 2012

Ecology

131

124

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“…In Dongzhi Yuan, rural buildings dispersed randomly around the farmlands, and this distribution pattern failed to form larger villages. On the one hand, dispersed settlement patterns and lowdensity development of rural buildings disproportionately increased road density (Hammer et al 2004;Gonzalez-Abraham et al 2007a), and then changed distribution of roads. On the other hand, there was a higher tendency for rural buildings to occur along the primary or main roads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roads and buildings have been recognized as primary causes of anthropogenic landscape changes (Forman 1998;Forman and Alexander 1998;Hammer et al 2004;Hawbaker and Radeloff 2004;Hawbaker et al 2005Hawbaker et al , 2006GonzalezAbraham et al 2007a), which have strongly altered the land surface at various scales (Miller et al 1996;Penteriani et al 2001;Saunders et al 2002;Schnaiberg et al 2002;Miller et al 2003). They cause destruction of natural vegetation, soil erosion, invasion of exotic species, fragmentation of wildlife habitats, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changes of densities and patterns of roads and rural buildings: a case study on Dongzhi Yuan of the Loess Plateau, China

Wang

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Roads and buildings are considered as primary causes of rural landscape changes. In this study, linear regression models were used to analyze the dynamic influences of environmental factors and variables on roads and rural buildings from 1979 to 2005 in Dongzhi Yuan (tableland) of the Loess Plateau, China. The relationship between roads and rural buildings and their effects on Dongzhi Yuan are discussed also. The results showed that three environmental factors (topography, land cover, and development level) explained roads better than rural buildings referring densities and patterns. The environmental variables significantly related to roads have decreased, whereas those related to rural buildings

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“…Residential areas are added according to the 2010 census and household data published by the US Census Bureau [15] and the housing density data acquired from [14], [16]. Figure 9 shows the simulated area comparing to Ames urban area as seen on the GIS Map.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Location Privacy Protection Through Restricted Space Cloaking

Yang

Cai

2017

Journal of Information Processing

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Anonymous location data may be correlated with restricted spaces like home and office for subject identification. This creates significant privacy risks to users when they disclose their location to applications like locationbased services. In this paper, we address this problem with a novel approach named restricted space cloaking. This scheme cloaks a user's location only when the location is inside a restricted space. When in non-restricted spaces, the location is reported as is. We show that this cloaking strategy is capable of full location privacy protection: given a restricted space, the adversary does not know when its owner was there; given a non-restricted location, the adversary does not know who has ever visited there. Such protection is not available from the existing cloaking techniques. In addition to full location privacy protection, the proposed strategy makes it possible for users to cloak their locations without disclosing accurate locations to either a trusted anonymizer or other users. We discuss the implementation challenges and present corresponding solutions. The performance of the proposed solutions is evaluated through simulation.

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Characterizing dynamic spatial and temporal residential density patterns from 1940–1990 across the North Central United States

Cited by 230 publications

References 31 publications

Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras and their changes along an urbanization gradient

Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras and their changes along an urbanization gradient

The changes of densities and patterns of roads and rural buildings: a case study on Dongzhi Yuan of the Loess Plateau, China

Full Location Privacy Protection Through Restricted Space Cloaking

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