Characterizations of organic compounds in diesel exhaust particulates

Lim, Jae-Hyun; Lim, Cheol-Soo; Kim, Sang-Kyun; Hong, Ji-Hyung

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.013

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Studies that have measured C9-C30 alkanoic acids suggest they originate from fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, cooking and microbial activities (Abas et al, 2004;Kang et al, 2016;Gupta et al, 2018;Gadi et al, 2019). A substantial amount has been shown to be emitted from diesel engines where the majority originates from the engine lubricant (Lim et al, 2015). Emissions also increase with the use of biodiesel which is becoming a common fuel-type in Delhi (Cheung et al, 2010).…”

Section: Traffic Sources: the Existence Of Nitrile Compounds And The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: Chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification

Cash¹,

Langford²,

Marco³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. We present the first real-time composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS). Old Delhi is one of the most polluted locations in the world, and PM1 concentrations reached ~ 600 µg m−3 during the most polluted period, the post-monsoon, where PM1 increased by 178 % over the pre-monsoon period. Using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) to perform source apportionment analysis, two burning-related factors contribute the most (35 %) to the post-monsoon increase. The first PMF factor, semi-volatility biomass burning organic aerosol (SVBBOA), shows a high correlation with earth observation fire counts in surrounding states which links its origin to crop residue burning. The second is a solid-fuel OA (SFOA) factor with links to local open burning due to its high composition of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and novel AMS measured marker species for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Two traffic factors were resolved, one hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) factor and another nitrogen-rich HOA (NHOA) factor. The N compounds within NHOA were mainly nitrile species which have not previously been identified within AMS measurements. Their PAH composition suggests that NHOA is linked to diesel, and HOA to compressed natural gas and gasoline. These factors combined make the largest relative contribution to primary PM1 mass during the pre-monsoon and monsoon periods, while contributing the second highest in the post-monsoon. A cooking OA (COA) factor shows strong links to the secondary factor, semi-volatility oxygenated OA (SVOOA). Correlations with co-located volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements and AMS measured organic nitrogen oxides (OrgNO) suggest SVOOA is formed from aged COA. It is also found that a significant increase in chloride concentrations (488 %) from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon correlates well with SVBBOA and SFOA suggesting that crop residue burning and open waste burning are responsible. A reduction in traffic emissions would effectively reduce concentrations across most of the year. In order to reduce the post-monsoon peak, sources such as funeral pyres, solid waste burning and crop residue burning should be considered when developing new air quality policy.

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Section: Traffic Sources: the Existence Of Nitrile Compounds And The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: Chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification

Cash¹,

Langford²,

Marco³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…5 species in DEPs could promote ROS generation (Pan et al, 2004;Lee et al, 2020), which are impervious to acid and solvent extraction, implying the intrinsic toxicity of DEPs. In addition, a higher loading of diesel vehicles showed more emissions of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) (Lim et al, 2015), revealing more relationship with endocrine disruption (Pěnčíková et al, 2019). Moreover, around 8-18 times of PAHs and n-alkanes, which are potential carcinogens (Wang et al, 2019), are emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles under creep operation conditions compared to cruise modes (Shah et al, 2005).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, around 8-18 times of PAHs and n-alkanes, which are potential carcinogens (Wang et al, 2019), are emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles under creep operation conditions compared to cruise modes (Shah et al, 2005). This exhibited that specific driving conditions can significantly contribute on emissions of organic compounds with respect to the amounts and compositions from diesel vehicles (Lim et al, 2015). More data are needed for legislation of unregulated species, such as organic compounds and metal elements from diesel vehicles even though particle mass concentrations and total hydrocarbons in DEPs are already included in standards and regulations in many countries (Reijnders et al, 2018).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizations of Size-segregated Ultrafine Particles in Diesel Exhaust

Lim

Jung

2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Size-segregated ultrafine particles (UFPs) in diesel exhaust were investigated to characterize carbonaceous substances, metals, and organic compounds originating from a medium-duty diesel engine dynamometer using the 13 driving mode. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) peaked at 330-550 nm, but the OC/EC ratio showed two peaks in the ultrafine and accumulation modes. The distribution trend of metal elements was opposite to that of the size-segregated OC/EC ratio. The amounts of toxic Pb, As, and Cd were less than 0.03-2.5% in diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), but their cumulative fractions in the ultrafine mode exceeded 50%. Most organic compounds (76.6%) and alkanes (67.0%) were emitted in the accumulation mode (170-1000 nm). More than 70% of the identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were emitted in the accumulation mode (94-1000 nm), with phenanthrene being the most abundant. Two significant size ranges of toxicity equivalent quantity peaks in the ultrafine (34-66 nm) and accumulation (170-330 nm) modes were observed for the size-segregated DEPs. Contrary to the trends for PAHs and organic compounds, the identifiable nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds were more abundant in the ultrafine mode. Overall toxicity was high as UFPs can be deposited with high efficiency throughout the human respiratory tract.

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“…caracterizaram hidrocarbonetos alifáticos no material particulado fino. As concentrações de n-alcanos apresentaram os maiores valores em áreas urbanas de tráfico intenso, onde as principais fontes desse poluente foram originadas de veículos abastecidos com uma mistura de diesel e gasolina Lim et al (2015). observaram no MP respirável originados da emissão do motor movido a diesel, que os compostos n-alcanos quantificados atingiu o pico entre n-C19-n-C25 e exibiram uma distribuição bimodal.…”

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Projeto Piloto: Perfil Da Concentração De Poluentes Regulamentados E Não Regulamentados Emitidos a Partir Da Combustão De Biocombustíveis Originários De Um Motor De Ciclo Diesel

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Characterizations of organic compounds in diesel exhaust particulates

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: Chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification

Seasonal analysis of submicron aerosol in Old Delhi using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: Chemical characterisation, source apportionment and new marker identification

Characterizations of Size-segregated Ultrafine Particles in Diesel Exhaust

Projeto Piloto: Perfil Da Concentração De Poluentes Regulamentados E Não Regulamentados Emitidos a Partir Da Combustão De Biocombustíveis Originários De Um Motor De Ciclo Diesel

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