Characterization, provenance, and tectonic setting of Fig Tree greywackes from the Archaean Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Toulkeridis, Theofilos; Clauer, Norbert; Kröner, Alfred; Reimer, Thomas; Todt, W.

doi:10.1016/s0037-0738(98)00123-7

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The bivariate plot of K 2 O/Na 2 O versus (Fe 2 O 3 + MgO), Al 2 O 3 /(CaO + Na 2 O) against (Fe 2 O 3 + MgO) and log (K 2 O/Na 2 O) versus SiO 2 revealed that the sandstones and shales are generally related to passive margin and active continental margin. The Na 2 O-CaO-K 2 O ternary plot after [27] suggests passive continental margin and active continental margin provenance for the Ecca shales and sandstones. Triangular Th-Sc-Zr/10 tectonic discrimination diagram of [5] revealed that the source area for most of the Ecca samples are predominantly of passive continental margin with a minor contribution from continental island arc and active continental margin sources ( Figure 19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams give reliable results for siliciclastic rocks that have not been strongly affected by postdepositional weathering and metamorphism [8]. Bivariate plots of major and trace element geochemistry have been used by several researchers to determine the tectonic setting of sandstones and shales [5,24,25,27,30,82]. Among the various tectonic setting discrimination diagrams, the major element-based discrimination diagrams of [5] and [24] are widely used.…”

Section: Tectonic Setting Of the Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24] divided series of tectonic plots to differentiate between four main tectonic settings, namely, oceanic island arc (OIA), continental island arc (CIA), active continental margin (ACM) and passive continental margin (PM). Chemical analyses data of the sandstones and shales have been plotted on 4 tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of [5,24,25,27] (Figures 16c and 16d).…”

Section: Tectonic Setting Of the Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These diagrams are still commonly used to deduce the tectonic setting of ancient basins. However, more detailed results can be obtained using the calc-alkaline oxide ternary diagram (CaONa 2 O-K 2 O) of [26] and modified by [27]. [19,28] documented that the index of compositional variability (ICV), K 2 O/Al 2 O 3 ratio, chemical index of alteration (CIA) and Al 2 O 3 -(CaO+Na 2 O)-K 2 O (A-CN-K) ternary plots are useful geochemical parameters for the study of provenance and maturity of the rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of sandstones and shales from the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting

2017

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Geochemical compositions of twenty-four sandstone and shale samples from the Ecca Group were analysed to decipher their provenance, paleoweathering conditions and tectonic setting. The shales have high Fe 2 O 3 , K 2 O, TiO 2 , Ce, Cu, Ga, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sr, Th and Y content more than the sandstones, whereas, sandstones are higher in SiO 2 , Hf and Zr than the shales. The positive correlations of Al 2 O 3 with other elements as well as the abundance of Ba, Ce, Th, Rb, Zn and Zr suggest that these elements are primarily controlled by the dominant clay minerals. Tectonic discrimination diagrams revealed that the sandstones and shales are mostly of quartzose sedimentary provenance, suggesting that they were derived from a cratonic interior or recycled orogen. The binary plots of TiO 2 versus Ni, TiO 2 against Zr and La/Th versus Hf as well as the ternary diagrams of V-Ni-Th*10 indicate that the shales and sandstones were derived from felsic igneous rocks. A-CN-K (Al 2 O 3 -CaO-K 2 O) ternary diagram and indices of weathering (CIA, CIW and PIS) suggest that the granitic source rocks underwent moderate to high degree of chemical weathering. The CIA values range between 24.41% and 83.76%, indicating low to high weathering conditions. The CIW values for the studied sandstones and shales range from 25.90 to 96.25%, suggesting moderate to high intensive chemical weathering. ICV values for the sandstones and shales vary from 0.71 to 3.6 (averaging 1.20) and 0.41 to 1.05 (averaging 0.82), respectively. The K 2 O/Na 2 O ratios for the studied samples vary from 0.71 to 8.29, which reveal moderate to high maturity. The plot of CIA against ICV shows that most of the shales are geochemically mature and were derived from both weak and intensively weathered source rocks. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams support passive-active continental margin setting of the provenance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Tectonic Setting Of the Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tectonic Setting Of the Source Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of sandstones and shales from the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting

2017

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“…Even though tectonic fields identified by these studies are originally intended for Phanerozoic clastic sedimentary rock, they have gained wide application in Precambrian sedimentary rocks (e.g., McLennan et al, 1995;Kalsbeek et al, 1998;Yang et al, 1998;Toulkeridis et al, 1999;Bhat and Ghosh, 2001). McLennan et al (1993McLennan et al ( , 1995 described five major provenance types on the basis of geochemistry, the characteristics of which are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Comparison With Sedimentary Rocks From Known Tectonic Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the Birim diamondiferous field, southern Ghana: Implications for provenance and crustal evolution at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary

Asiedu¹,

Dampare²,

Sakyi³

et al. 2004

Geochem. J.

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Metagraywackes and metapelites from the Paleoproterozoic Birimian Supergroup in the Birim diamondiferous field, southern Ghana, were analyzed for their major and trace element contents. Compared to early Proterozoic crust, the metasedimentary rocks are enriched in ferromagnesian elements but depleted in rare earth elements (REE), high field strength elements (HFSE) (with exception of Zr), and Th. They show REE patterns similar to their Archean counterparts. The chemical data indicate that the sediments were derived from a local source of mixed felsic-mafic composition, with the latter dominating. The source rocks were the basaltic to dacitic volcanic rocks and granitoids within the Birimian greenstone belts. The chemical data further suggest their deposition in a tectonic setting comparable to modern island arcs, and that minimal old upper crust (i.e., pre-Birimian sources) was involved in their formation. The analyzed metasedimentary rocks have Eu-anomalies and Gd N /Yb N , Sm/Nd, Th/Sc, Cr/Sc and Cr/Th ratios that closely resemble those of their Archean counterparts, and therefore inconsistent with models suggesting abrupt compositional changes in upper crust at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary.

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Geochemistry of meta‐sediments from Neoproterozoic Shimla and Chail Groups of Outer Lesser Himalaya: Implications for provenance, tectonic setting, and paleo‐weathering conditions

et al. 2021

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The depositional history of the Himalayas has been overprinted by the tectonic activities during the Himalayan Orogeny. A detailed investigation of the sedimentary units can provide crucial information regarding their depositional history and provenance.This study aims at constraining the weathering history, tectonic setting, and provenance of meta-sediments from the Shimla and Chail Groups of Outer Lesser Himalaya. With similar major element chemistry, these meta-sediments comprise a low-silica group (avg. SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 <3.29). Weathering intensity parameters chemical index of alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) and index of chemical variability (ICV) range from 62 to 78 (avg. = 69.41), 70 to 96 (avg. = 85.34), and 0.45 to 1.45 (avg. = 1.01), respectively indicating moderate to severe degrees of weathering. Transition element ratios [Cr/V (1.68-5.18), Ni/Co (1.47-30.99), and V/Ni (0.87-4.61)], and trace element bivariate plots suggest a recycled, felsic to intermediate provenance that has primarily been derived from Post-Archean sources with minor inputs from Archean units. A passive margin depositional setting with arcderived sources is suggested for the Chail and Shimla meta-sediments. Rare-earth element patterns reveal similarities between the studied metasediments with TTG gneisses and sanukitoids from the Aravalli and Bundelkhand Cratons, as well as Chaur and Jutogh granitoids. Therefore, Neoproterozoic Himalayan granitoids and ArcheanAravalli-Bundelkhand granitoids (TTGs and high-K granitoids) could be potential sources of these meta-sediments, as also suggested by the detrital zircon age distribution from the Beas-Satluj-Pabbar valleys and Shimla Group.

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Characterization, provenance, and tectonic setting of Fig Tree greywackes from the Archaean Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Cited by 60 publications

References 69 publications

Geochemistry of sandstones and shales from the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting

Geochemistry of sandstones and shales from the Ecca Group, Karoo Supergroup, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting

Geochemistry of Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the Birim diamondiferous field, southern Ghana: Implications for provenance and crustal evolution at the Archean-Proterozoic boundary

Geochemistry of meta‐sediments from Neoproterozoic Shimla and Chail Groups of Outer Lesser Himalaya: Implications for provenance, tectonic setting, and paleo‐weathering conditions

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