Characterization of welding arc and weld pool formation in vacuum gas hollow tungsten arc welding

Molten pool behaviors for second pass V-groove GMAW

“…Previous studies used the same effective radius for the arc heat flux and arc pressure because of the physical relationship [11]; therefore, the effective radii of the arc pressure model in Eq. (13) are the same as that of the arc heat flux model.…”

“…This study also used the same effective radius as the arc pressure and arc heat flux models due to the physical relationship [11]. However, it is necessary to modify the effective radii as shown in Eqs.…”

“…The drag force surface tension and, buoyancy force were not affected by the arc plasma distribution; thus, we used the same model as previous studies [11,[14][15][16].…”

“…Cho et al [11] made various arc models with an Abel inversion method and physical relations among the arc irradiance, arc temperature and arc current density. Further, they applied arc models such as arc heat flux, arc pressure, and electromagnetic models to CFD simulations for gas hollow tungsten arc welding (GHTAW) on bead-on plate.…”

A study on the quality of two-wire tandem submerged arc welds under iso-heat input conditions

“…A detailed explanation of the Abel inversion technique is available in the literature [24][25][26]. The weld bead dimensions are measured from the transverse section of each weld specimen after polishing and etching with a 2 % nital solution using a pc-interfaced stereo-microscope (Leica MZ6).…”