Characterization of voids formed during liquid impregnation of non-woven multifilament glass networks as related to composite processing

Mahale, Anant D.; Prud'homme, Robert Krafft; Rebenfeld, Ludwig

doi:10.1016/0956-7143(93)90005-s

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In early investigations, the formation of microscopic and macro-scopic voids has been related to the capillary number (Ca) [5][6][7][10][11][12]. Patel and Lee [5] proposed a modified capillary number (Ca*) that considers the liquid/fiber contact angle and the liquid surface tension…”

Section: Optimal Capillary Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites

Ruiz

Achim

Soukane

et al. 2006

Composites Science and Technology

180

130

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Section: Optimal Capillary Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, researchers have published several investigations on micro-and macro-void formation [4][5][6][7]. Experimental as well as numerical analyses were also performed to identify and describe the mechanisms of void formation [8,9].…”

Section: A Dual-scale Porous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites

Ruiz

Achim

Soukane

et al. 2006

Composites Science and Technology

180

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…24,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] It should be noted that for FRCs without fiber tows, like random mats, a single-scale voidage is more probable, which can be reduced to close to zero with a proper resin velocity, according to the literature. 38,39 The macroscopic (global) resin flow can occur in two directions relative to the fiber direction. Through analytical modeling, it has been shown that when the flow is perpendicular to the fiber direction (transverse flow, Figure 1(a)), voids are distributed throughout the composite, 40 whereas in case of flow parallel to the fiber direction (longitudinal or axial flow, Figure 1(a)), void formation is localized at the flow front region.…”

Section: Liquid Composite Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Mehdikhani

Gorbatikh

Verpoest

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

544

305

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Voids, the most studied type of manufacturing defects, form very often in processing of fiber-reinforced composites. Due to their considerable influence on physical and thermomechanical properties of composites, they have been extensively studied, with the focus on three research tracks: void formation, characteristics, and mechanical effects. Investigation of voids in composites started around half a century ago and is still an active research field in composites community. This is because of remaining unknowns and uncertainties about voids as well as difficulties in their suppression in modern manufacturing techniques like out-of-autoclave curing and parts with high complexity, further complicated by increased viscosity of modified resins. Finally, this is because of the increasing interest in realization of more accurate void rejection limits that would tolerate some voidage. The current study reviews the research on formation, characterization, and mechanical effects of voids, which has been conducted over the past five decades. Investigation and control of void formation, using experimental and modeling approaches, in liquid composite molding as well as in prepreg composite processing are surveyed. Techniques for void characterization with their advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the effect of voids on a broad range of mechanical properties, including inter-laminar shear, tensile, compressive, and flexural strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue life, is appraised. Both experimental and simulation approaches and results, concerning voids' effects, are reviewed.

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“…Equation ( 6) gives information about the effective processing conditions for a resin impregnation process. In the early researches, void formation was analyzed in relation to a capillary number, Ca [9][10][11] . A capillary number is defined as follows, and expresses the effect of pressure and temperature as processing variables:…”

Section: Mechanism Of Void Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Void Formation in Composite Processing with Woven Fabrics

Lee

2003

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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A mechanism for void formation is suggested, involving an analysis of the resin flow at macro and micro levels. Both these types of flow arise from the characteristic structure of woven fabrics. In order to investigate the mechanism of void formation in woven fabrics, a new dimensionless number was defined as the ratio of the superficial velocity to the initial spreading rate. The prediction of void formation using this dimensionless number had a good correlation with the results from the cross sectional observation and void content measurement. It was confirmed that the mechanism introduced in this study is very desirable and that the morphological structure of the woven fabric plays a key role in void formation.

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Characterization of voids formed during liquid impregnation of non-woven multifilament glass networks as related to composite processing

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites

Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites

Voids in fiber-reinforced polymer composites: A review on their formation, characteristics, and effects on mechanical performance

Mechanism of Void Formation in Composite Processing with Woven Fabrics

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