Characterization of Visual Symptomatology Associated with Refractive, Accommodative, and Binocular Anomalies

Cacho-Martínez, Pilar; Cantó-Cerdán, Mario; Carbonell-Bonete, Stela; García-Muñoz, Ángel

doi:10.1155/2015/895803

Cited by 28 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“… 9 , 12 , 28 , 29 The asthenopic symptoms can be diverse, ranging from chronic blurred vision, headache, eyestrain, reading difficulties, visual fatigue, sleepiness, loss of comprehensionand movement of print, to avoidance of reading and other close work. 30 – 33 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

Hussaindeen¹,

Murali²

2020

OPTO

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Purpose Accommodative insufficiency (AI), defined as the inability to stimulate accommodation in pre-presbyopic individuals, has gained much attention over recent years. Despite the enormity of the available information, there is a significant lack of clarity regarding the criteria for definition, methodology adopted for testing and diagnosis, and the varied prevalence across the globe. This review aims to gather evidence that is pertinent to the prevalence, impact and efficacy of available treatment options for AI. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Collaboration search engines were used with the keywords prevalence, accommodative insufficiency, symptoms, plus lens, vision therapy and treatment. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1992 and 2019 were included in the review. After reviewing the studies for study methodology and robustness, 83 articles were chosen for this literature review. Results The prevalence of AI ranges between <1.00% and 61.6% across studies. The prevalence shows considerable variation across ethnicities and age groups. There is significant variation in the study methodology, diagnostic criteria and number of tests performed to arrive at the diagnosis. Not many studies have explored the prevalence beyond 20 years of age. The prevalence of AI is high among children with special needs. There is no high-quality evidence regarding the standard treatment protocol for AI. Both vision therapy and low plus lenses have shown efficacy in independent studies, and no studies have compared these two treatment options. Conclusion The understanding of AI prevalence is currently limited owing to the lack of a standard set of diagnostic criteria and wide variations in the study methodology. There is a lack of high-quality evidence suggesting the best possible treatment for AI. The current gaps in the literature have been identified and future scope for exploration is elucidated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

Hussaindeen¹,

Murali²

2020

OPTO

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“…These dysfunctions challenge near‐activity demands. Symptoms may include blurred vision, reading problems, headache, diplopia, and in many cases, difficulty in maintaining comfortable vision for a long time . Also, these visual disorders are associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Sánchez-González

Gutiérrez-Sánchez

Sánchez‐González

et al. 2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Accommodation disorders and nonstrabismic binocular dysfunctions affect patients’ binocular system and visual performance. These visual disorders could be associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck and shoulder area. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to ascertain the relationship between visual system disorders and the musculoskeletal system of the neck. The review protocol is available in PROSPERO (CRD42018112771). All articles selected examined the relationship between neck conditions (chronic neck pain and whiplash) and the visual system in adult populations. Studies with optometric or physiotherapeutic measurements were included. Bias risk was evaluated with the modified Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Study Quality Assessment Tool. To provide complete quality assessment evidence, the authors applied the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. The literature search was conducted in November 2018 and yielded 745 studies among all the databases. Out of these studies, 21 were finally included. Most of the studies presented a moderate methodological quality. Only one high‐quality trial was found. Based on a qualitative assessment, our systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed that all included studies established a relationship between the visual system and musculoskeletal system of the neck. However, the methods for the measurement of the visual system lacked uniformity.

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“…We previously reported that uncorrected astigmatic students showed difficulty in stimulating an accurate accommodative response [ 11 ]. However, Cacho-Martínez et al observed that although accommodative dysfunction was associated with increased visual symptoms in a sample of university students, the effect is eliminated when analyses adjusted for uncorrected refractive error [ 12 ]. In addition, Dwyer and Wick observed that vergence or accommodative anomalies present in patients with uncorrected ametropia can often be alleviated after a period of spectacle wear [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students

Davis

Harvey

Twelker

et al. 2016

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children. Methods. 3rd–8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed. Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitude (no/low: <1.00 D, moderate: 1.00 D to <3.00 D, and high: ≥3.00 D), presence/absence of clinical signs of CI and AI, and presence of symptoms. Analyses determine rate of clinical CI and AI and symptomatic CI and AI and assessed the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism. Results. In the sample of 484 students (11.67 ± 1.81 years of age), rate of symptomatic CI was 6.2% and symptomatic AI 18.2%. AI was more common in students with CI than without CI. Students with AI only (p = 0.02) and with CI and AI (p = 0.001) had higher symptom scores than students with neither CI nor AI. Moderate and high astigmats were not at increased risk for CI or AI. Conclusions. With-the-rule astigmats are not at increased risk for CI or AI. High comorbidity rates of CI and AI and higher symptoms scores with AI suggest that research is needed to determine symptomatology specific to CI.

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Characterization of Visual Symptomatology Associated with Refractive, Accommodative, and Binocular Anomalies

Cited by 28 publications

References 65 publications

<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

<p>Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options</p>

Visual system disorders and musculoskeletal neck complaints: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students

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