Characterization of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Isolates in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Non-ICU Wards

Moazen, Javad; Zaniani, Fatemeh Riyahi; Asghar, Behzad Hallaj

doi:10.5812/tms-129037

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This was associated with more capillary lung lesions and bilateral disease, which required more prolonged treatment [125]. Also, more than half of S. aureus strains tested were MDR, showing resistance to fluoroquinolones [126][127][128]. Efforts have been made to improve the fluoroquinolones' potency, for example, by conjugate biofilm formation, a major virulence factor of Pseudomonas auroginosa that causes antibiotic resistance [129].…”

Section: Toxicity Study Of Nsaids and Fluoroquinolones Multi-componen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefits and Challenges of Antibiotics–Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Non-Covalent Reaction

2023

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Recently, non-covalent reactions have emerged as approaches to improve the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), including antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This review aimed to present and discuss the non-covalent reaction products of antibiotics, including salt and neutral multi-component solid forms, by framing their substituents and molar ratios, manufacturing techniques, characterization methods, benefits, potency changes, and toxicity, and is completed with an analysis of the development of computational models used in this field. Based on the data, NSAIDs are the most-developed drugs in multi-component system preparations, followed by antibiotics, i.e., antituberculosis and fluoroquinolones. They have reacted with inorganic elements, excipients, nutraceuticals, natural products, and other drugs. However, in terms of treatments for common infections, fluoroquinolones are more frequently used. Generally, NSAIDs are acquired on an over-the-counter basis, causing inappropriate medication. In addition, the pKa differences between the two groups of medicine offer the potential for them to react non-covalently. Hence, this review highlights fluoroquinolone–NSAID multi-component solid systems, which offer some benefits. These systems can increase patient compliance and promote the appropriate monitoring of drug usage; the dual drug multi-component solids have been proven to improve the physicochemical properties of one or both components, especially in terms of solubility and stability. In addition, some reports show an enhancement of the antibiotic activity of the products. However, it is important to consider the possibility of activity changes, interaction, and toxicity when using drug combinations. Hence, these aspects also are discussed in this review. Finally, we present computational modeling, which has been utilized broadly to support multi-component system designs, including coformer screening, preparation methods, and structural modeling, as well as to predict physicochemical properties, potency, and toxicity. This integrated review is expected to be useful for further antibiotic–NSAID multi-component system development.

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Section: Toxicity Study Of Nsaids and Fluoroquinolones Multi-componen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefits and Challenges of Antibiotics–Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Non-Covalent Reaction

2023

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“…In a recent study in a hospital in Dezful, Iran, of 186 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various specimens, 27.4% were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with a 26.8% rate in the ICU. [ 17 ] Updated data is crucial to physicians and infection control committees for treatment and preventive programmes. In this study, we have retrospectively analysed and reported the epidemiological and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of BSI patients during the past four years in AL Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in ICU and non-ICU wards: A four-year retrospective study in Isfahan, Iran

et al. 2023

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Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. This study evaluated BSI's incidence, trend, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and mortality in AL Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in AL Zahra Hospital from March 2017 to March 2021. The Iranian nosocomial infection surveillance system was used for data gathering. The data included demographic and hospital data, type of bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility findings and were analysed in SPSS-18 software. Results: The incidence of BSIs was 1.67% and 0.47%, and the mortality was 30% and 15.2% in the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU wards, respectively. In the ICU, the mortality was correlated with the use of the catheter, type of organism and year of study, but in non-ICU, correlated with age, gender, use of the catheter, ward, year of study and duration between the incidence of BSIs and discharging/death. Staphylococcus epidermidis , Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. were the most frequent germs isolated in all wards. Vancomycin (63.6%) and Gentamycin (37.7%) for ICU and Vancomycin (55.6%) and Meropenem (53.3) for other wards were the most sensitive antibiotics. Conclusion: Despite the few rate of BSI in the last four years in AL Zahra Hospital, our data showed that its incidence and mortality in the ICU ward are significantly more than in other hospital wards. We recommend prospective multicentre studies to know the total incidence of BSI, local risk factors and patterns of pathogens causing BSI.

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“…[1][2][3] MRSA is highly resistant to cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and other antibiotics. 4,5 The most commonly used treatments for MRSA infection include radiation, 6 antibiotic, 7,8 surfactant molecular, 9 and nanomaterial 10 therapies; among these, antibiotic therapy is the first choice in many cases. However, antibiotic resistance remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Three Different Amino Acids Plus Gentamicin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Guo¹,

Pan²,

Fan³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Background The issue of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistant to many antibiotics and causing serious infectious diseases is a growing healthcare concern. Purpose In recent years, exogenous administration of metabolites in combination with antibiotics can re-sensitize resistant bacteria to antibiotics; however, their effects vary, and their underlying mechanism of action remains elusive. Methods We assessed the bactericidal effects of the three amino acids in combination with gentamicin in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, we explored the role of these amino acids on the metabolomics of MRSA using Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, we performed the downstream analyses using MetaboAnalyst and Interactive Pathways Explorer. Results Exogenous threonine showed the best bactericidal efficacy with gentamicin, followed by glycine, wherein serine had no effect. Amino acid treatments mainly up-regulated the metabolites, increased the amino acid abundance, and significantly activated metabolisms; these effects were consistent with the bactericidal efficacy of the three amino acids. Most amino acids participated in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and threonine supplementation increased the activities of citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, whereas glycine increased activities of citrate synthase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and serine did not affect the activities of any of the three key enzymes. We identified 24 biomarkers in the three groups, among which glutamic acid and cysteine showed a gradient decrease and increase, respectively. Subsequent analyses revealed that glutamic acid but not cysteine promoted the bactericidal effect of gentamicin synergistically. Conclusion Threonine has the best synergistic effect in reversing bacterial resistance compared to glycine and serine. We show that different amino acids combined with an antibiotic mainly affect amino acid metabolism and act via different metabolic regulatory mechanisms, which could help develop effective strategies for tackling MRSA infections.

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Characterization of Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) Isolates in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Non-ICU Wards

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

The Benefits and Challenges of Antibiotics–Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Non-Covalent Reaction

The Benefits and Challenges of Antibiotics–Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Non-Covalent Reaction

Epidemiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in ICU and non-ICU wards: A four-year retrospective study in Isfahan, Iran

Effect of Three Different Amino Acids Plus Gentamicin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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