Characterization of Vibrio cholerae from deep ground water in a cholera endemic area in Central India

Tamrakar, Akhilesh K.; Jain, Meenu; Goel, Ajay; Kamboj, Dev Vrat; Singh, Lokendra

doi:10.1007/s12088-009-0043-8

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, the poor maintenance of the well, poor hygienic conditions associated with the water extraction process and the close proximity of the well to a pit latrine are factors that could account for the high mean E. coli count observed at this site. Such poor hygienic practices have been reported to lead to contamination of groundwater sources [40]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa

Abia

Schaefer

Ubomba-Jaswa

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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In the absence of pipe-borne water, many people in Africa, especially in rural communities, depend on alternative water sources such as wells, boreholes and rivers for household and personal hygiene. Poor maintenance and nearby pit latrines, however, lead to microbial pollution of these sources. We evaluated the abundance of Escherichia coli and the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli virulence genes in water from wells, boreholes and a river in a South African peri-urban community. Monthly samples were collected between August 2015 and November 2016. In all, 144 water samples were analysed for E. coli using the Colilert 18 system. Virulence genes (eagg, eaeA, stx1, stx2, flichH7, ST, ipaH, ibeA) were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mean E. coli counts ranged between 0 and 443.1 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 mL of water sample. Overall, 99.3% of samples were positive for at least one virulence gene studied, with flicH7 being the most detected gene (81/140; 57.6%) and the stx2 gene the least detected gene (8/140; 5.7%). Both intestinal and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli genes were detected. The detection of virulence genes in these water sources suggests the presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli strains and is a public health concern.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa

Abia

Schaefer

Ubomba-Jaswa

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…Pathogens in drinking water are more likely to affect infants, children, the elderly, and persons with compromised immune systems (Gwimbi et al, 2019). Vibrio cholerae was discovered to be present in 8 out of 11 deep ground water samples taken from various areas in Central India (Tamrakar et al,2009). Particularly in small communities and underdeveloped nations, where groundwater is frequently the preferred supply of drinking water, the microbial pollution of groundwater has deep and severe repercussions for public health.…”

Section: Consumer Health Risk On Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts on Consumer Health from Dug Well Contamination - A Crucial Drinking Water Source

Thaniem¹,

Prakash²,

Muniyandi³

2022

IJRASET

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Main objective of this review is to analyse potential sources of pollution, constituents, consumer health risks related to contaminated drinking water, and remediation strategies. Dug wells with poorly protected well mouth-covering or unlined wells are more susceptible to biological and chemical contamination. Physical irregularities in the lining and covering of the well act as a door to the entry of pollutants into the well. Residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities can have an impact on ground water quality. Agriculture is one of the most common human activities that have an impact on both surface and groundwater. Water resource quality is determined by geological characteristics such as soil kinds, topography slope, plant roots, water dissolution with minerals/soils, and the radioactive decay of elements. Septic tanks, pit latrines, and sewer systems are the main source of faecal contamination in the groundwater system. Pesticides, fertilisers, and livestock dung frequently introduce heavy metals into aquifers, posing a direct hazard to human health. Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, cholera, syphilis, and typhoid have been linked to a lack of adequate water. Drinking water containing various anions and heavy metals, such as Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, and others, has a substantial negative impact on human health. Drinking water treatment removes impurities from the source water, making it safe to drink. The long-term goal of decontamination is to detect and remove hazardous compounds from water cost-effectively and reliably.

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“…The majority environmental isolates belonging to serogroups non-O1 and non-O139 are not toxigenic in general (Tamrakar et al, 2009). The gene of cholera toxin (ctx) is essential to cause the disease cholerae, and present only in V. cholerae strains O1 and O139 (Goel et al, 2007).…”

Section: Virulence Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in bivalve mollusks harvesting area in Bahia, Brazil

Silva¹,

Sousa²,

Saraiva³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity potential of Vibrio cholerae isolates originated from water samples and bivalve mollusks. The strains were subjected to phenotypic identification and molecular confirmation using the species-specific initiator (OmpW); minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined; and the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) and virulence potential of the strains by using the initiator ctxAB (cholera toxin), tcp (toxin co-regulator pilus), rfbO1 (serogroup O1) and zot (zonula occludens toxin) were investigated. Six isolates of the bacterium (three from water and three from bivalve mollusks) were confirmed through the biochemical and specific gene detection tests. The isolates presented a high susceptibility toward the tested antimicrobials (91%) (10/11). One of the strains from water showing resistance to imipenem (MIC 20 µg), and producing MβLs did not show any involvement of plasmids. The genes related to the virulence were not detected; and all of the V. cholerae isolates belonged to the non-O1 serotype. However, the presence of an imipenem-resistant and MβLs-producing V. cholerae in a river mouth aquatic environment, which is a natural aviary of bivalve mollusks, represents a risk to the health of the population and alarms the public health agencies.

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Characterization of Vibrio cholerae from deep ground water in a cholera endemic area in Central India

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa

Abundance of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence-Associated Genes in Well and Borehole Water Used for Domestic Purposes in a Peri-Urban Community of South Africa

The Impacts on Consumer Health from Dug Well Contamination - A Crucial Drinking Water Source

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in bivalve mollusks harvesting area in Bahia, Brazil

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