Characterization of Tribofilms Generated from Serpentine and Commercial Oil Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Tribological Performance and Application of Antigorite as Lubrication Materials

“…XANES spectra clearly show that the tribofilms produced by the lubricating oil adding AMNP and ZDDP have a glassy appearance containing antigorite and Zn polyphosphate, ZnS [27]. Of particular significance is the distribution of Si and/or Mg on the friction pair surface treated with AMNP is not uniform, and most of them are spots or patches rather than continuous layers, which is confirmed by TEM and XANES [26,27,77,84,95]. Zhao [101] showed that the tribofilm with maximum thickness of 240 nm and 458 nm are formed on the friction pair surface with AMNP and with AMNP + ZDDP (Figure 11).…”

“…The chemical composition of friction pair surface layer is commonly studied using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), while the phase composition and structure characteristics are usually observed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Numerous studies have reported that the Si and Mg contents of most friction pairs treated with AMNP (Figure 10, middle image) were significantly higher than that of without AMNP [14,[21][22][23]26,27,[49][50][51][52][53]55,56,61,69,72,77,85,91,[94][95][96][97][98][99]. Some friction pair surfaces treated with AMNP only detected Si but no Mg [17,25,54,55,64,66,74,78,79,84,86,91,95], or only detected Mg but no Si [18,60,100], or neither Si nor Mg were detected [5...…”

“…It is found that the difference of tribological performances AMNP-oil system: tests were applied to the various AMNP-oil systems in an effort to determine the tribological performances of antigorite. The principal devices used were the four-ball tester (FB), pin-on-disk tester (P-D) and pin-on-flat tester (P-F); however, ring-on-disk tester (R-D), rectangular flat on rotating cylinder tester (RF-RC), disk-on-disk tester (D-D), thrust washer tester (TW) and flat-on-cylinder tester (F-C) have also been used [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. AMNP used for the study had a particle size less than 3 microns, and most of them were less than 1 micron.…”

“…Zhao [101] showed that the tribofilm with maximum thickness of 240 nm and 458 nm are formed on the friction pair surface with AMNP and with AMNP + ZDDP (Figure 11). A number of studies have shown that the phase on the friction pair surface treated with AMNP is very complex, including nanocrystalline, amorphous and mineral cellular skeleton [26,27,77,84,95,101]. Figure 12A demonstrates a bright field transmission electron micrograph of the cross-section of the tribofilm, showing the thickness was about 500-600 nm.…”

“…Significant progress has been achieved in the research and development of antigorite's application in the lubrication of machine components. The research results indicated that antigorite micro-nano powder (AMNP) may significantly reduce friction coefficient and wear of friction pairs, and be one kind of excellent anti-frictional and lubrication materials [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. This paper reviews the mineralogy, thermal decomposition, lubrication behavior and application of antigorite lubricant.…”