Characterization of the uppermost layer of plasma-treated carbon nanotubes

Bubert, H.; Haiber, Stephan; Brandl, W.; Mărginean, Gabriela; Heintze, M.; Brüser, Volker

doi:10.1016/s0925-9635(02)00353-9

Cited by 116 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The previous x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ͑XPS͒ characterization of the uppermost layer of oxygen plasma-treated carbon nanotubes showed that the layers mainly consisted of carbonyl ͑C v O͒, hydroxide ͑C-OH͒ and carboxyl ͑COOH͒ groups. 7 Plasma dissociation of ammonia NH 3 · H 2 O monomer most likely results in the appearance of C -NH 2 groups due to NH 3 → NH 2 + H reaction and the formation of C-OH groups due to H 2 O → OH + H reaction. It should be noted that the plasma activation in this case would result in much larger number of C -NH 2 and C-OH functional groups compared to the amount of oxygen containing groups attached to the walls of the nanotubes because the dissociation energy of ammonia and water is much lower than that of oxygen and nitrogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Plasma polymerization is an environmentally friendly, solvent-free, and time efficient thin-film-forming process with room-temperature processing ability to produce plasma polymer composites on a large scale. Therefore, the plasma-induced functionalization method is believed to be superior compared to a chemical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plasma species thus formed are very reactive toward surfaces, leading to surface modification. It should be also noted that the plasmainduced deposited films consisting of functional groups 7 or polymer 9 are on the nanoscale size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using isotropic plasma treatment: Resonant Raman spectroscopy study

Utegulov

Mast

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by isotropic plasma treatment was studied using resonant Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that plasma-induced functionalization results in the uniaxial isotropic constriction of the nanotubes but preserves their overall structural integrity. It was demonstrated that NH3∙H2O and hexamethyldisiloxan plasmas yield various types of conductivity for semiconducting SWNTs.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using isotropic plasma treatment: Resonant Raman spectroscopy study

Utegulov

Mast

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides being time efficient processes, the plasma treatments are also versatile techniques to tailor the CNT surface properties by the grafting of functional groups paving the way for subsequent chemical reactions like polymer grafting for example. The most common plasma treatments of CNTs consist of introducing them directly in the plasma discharge allowing to bind fluorine [24,25], oxygen [26][27][28] or nitrogen [29][30][31][32] containing functional groups. The excited species such as electrons, ions or radicals interact with the CNTs surface breaking the C=C bonds and promoting the grafting of functional groups on the created structure defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Grafting of Primary Amines onto Carbon Nanotubes via Free-Radical Treatment in Microwave Plasma Post-Discharge

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:A novel strategy to graft functional groups at the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is discussed. Aiming at grafting nitrogen containing groups, and more specifically primary amine covalent functionalization, CNTs were exposed under atomic nitrogen flow arising from an Ar + N 2 microwave plasma. The primary amine functions were identified and quantified through chemical derivatization with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde and characterized through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The increase of the selectivity in the primary amines grafting onto CNTs, up to 66.7% for treatment of CNT powder, was performed via the reduction of post-treatment oxygen contamination and the addition of hydrogen in the experimental set-up, more particularly in the plasma post-discharge chamber. The analyses of nitrogenated and primary amine functions grafting on the CNT surface suggest that atomic nitrogen (N•) and reduced nitrogen species (NH• and NH 2 •) react preferentially with defect sites of CNTs and, then, only atomic nitrogen continues to react on the CNT surface, creating defects. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2012, 4 297

show abstract

“…This problem has led to great research interest in the surface modification of CNTs. At present, CNT surface modification methods include polymer parceling, high-energy modification, and chemical treatment [13][14][15]. Of these methods, chemical treatment is most effective for grafting different functional groups, and it has been found using infrared spectral analysis that carboxyl, amine, and hydroxyl molecular functional groups can be grafted onto CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of grafted amine groups on the elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Yuan

Liew

2009

Carbon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TThe molecular dynamics method is used to investigate the effect of amine grafts on the elastic properties of armchair (5,5) (10,10) and zigzag (9,0) (18,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The results show that Young's moduli of armchair (5,5) (10,10) and zigzag (9,0) (18,0) SWCNTs with no grafts are 948 GPa, 901 GPa and 804 GPa, 860 GPa, respectively.When the SWCNTs are grafted with 2-8-amine functional groups, Young's moduli of the zigzag SWCNTs decrease slightly. An increase in the graft number does not cause any further reduction in the moduli, which remain at about 95% of those without grafts. The armchair SWCNTs behave somewhat differently. When they are initially grafted with amine functional groups, their Young's moduli drop quickly; but decrease slowly as the number of grafts increases. When the number of grafts exceeds 6, the moduli remain at about 72% of those without grafts. The results indicate that the effects of grafted amine on the elastic properties of SWCNTs are related to their chiral angle. This phenomenon is analyzed according to the law of the isoline structure of deformation electron density, C-C bond-length, and the system deformation potential energy of carbon nanotubes with different graft numbers.

show abstract

Characterization of the uppermost layer of plasma-treated carbon nanotubes

Cited by 116 publications

References 11 publications

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using isotropic plasma treatment: Resonant Raman spectroscopy study

Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using isotropic plasma treatment: Resonant Raman spectroscopy study

Selective Grafting of Primary Amines onto Carbon Nanotubes via Free-Radical Treatment in Microwave Plasma Post-Discharge

The effects of grafted amine groups on the elastic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About