Characterization of the Transcriptional Complexity of the Receptive and Pre-receptive Endometria of Dairy Goats

Abstract

Endometrium receptivity is essential for successful embryo implantation in mammals. However, the lack of genetic information remains an obstacle to understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of a receptive endometrium from the pre-receptive phase in dairy goats. In this study, more than 4 billion high-quality reads were generated and de novo assembled into 102,441 unigenes; these unigenes were annotated using published databases. A total of 3,255 unigenes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between the PE and RE were discovered in this study (P-values < 0.05). In addition, 76,729–77,102 putative SNPs and 12,837 SSRs were discovered in this study. Bioinformatics analysis of the DEGs revealed a number of biological processes and pathways that are potentially involved in the establishment of the RE, notably including the GO terms proteolysis, apoptosis, and cell adhesion and the KEGG pathways Cell cycle and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction. We speculated that ADCY8, VCAN, SPOCK1, THBS1, and THBS2 may play important roles in the development of endometrial receptivity. The de novo assembly provided a good starting point and will serve as a valuable resource for further investigations into endometrium receptivity in dairy goats and future studies on the genomes of goats and other related mammals.

WITHDRAWN: Endometrial epithelial cell apoptosis is inhibited via a ciR8073-miR181a-neurotensis pathway during embryo implantation

“…What's more, the expression level of NTS increased 195-fold in the endometrium in RE compared to PE (Figure 3B), which was in accordance with the previous sequencing date [20]. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results further showed NTS protein increased in RE (Table 2), especially in the EECs (Figure 3C-3F).…”

“…NTS mRNA levels decreased 6.08-fold in RE compared with PE in dairy goats, but this result was inconsistent with the previous what reported that NTS remarkably increased in RE [20]. What's more, a total of 668 DElncRs were found and the full list was provided in Supplementary File 3, and TCONS_00376915 (lncR915) was significantly higher in RE compared with PE.…”

A comparative analysis of gene expression induced by the embryo in the caprine endometrium

“…On the day of sponge removal (day 11), each goat received an intramuscular injection of 0.1 mg prostaglandin F2α and 200 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) (Ningbo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). The experimental goats were observed three times daily to ascertain the estrous sign, and mated naturally twice in estrus (Lei et al, ; Liu et al, ; Zhang et al, ). The 12 experimental goats were observed three times daily to ascertained estrous sign, and the first day of estrus was considered to be day 0 (ED0).…”

“…Transcriptomics is a powerful tool to identify potential molecular biomarkers for endometrial receptivity, thereby improving forecasts of pregnancy outcome during in vitro fertilization treatment (Wang & Yu, ). Transcriptome analyses of distinct physiological stages were crucial for understanding the gene regulatory network, including the endometrium development in mammals (Wang et al, ; Zhang et al, , ). Moreover, studies on the endometrial transcriptomics have been reported using RNA‐Seq in humans (Hu et al, ), pigs (Lin et al, ; Samborski, Graf, Krebs, Kessler, & Bauersachs, ; Samborski, Graf, Krebs, Kessler, Reichenbach, et al, ; Wang et al, ), cattles (Mamo, Mehta, Forde, Mcgettigan, & Lonergan, ; Palma‐Vera, Sharbati, & Einspanier, ), and goats (Zhang et al, , ).…”

miR‐182 selectively targets HOXA10 in goat endometrial epithelium cells in vitro

“…The first day of mating was considered to be day 0 of pregnancy. Endometrium samples from five goats at gestational day 5 and five goats at gestational day 15 were obtained from the anterior wall of the uterine cavity (Song et al., ; Zhang, An et al., ). The tissue samples were washed briefly with PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) and then immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.…”