Characterization of the Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Myopic Eyes

Zhu, Qiujian; Xing, Xiaoying; Wang, Mengyu; Zhu, Manhui; Ma, Linlin; You, Yuan; Song, E

doi:10.1167/tvst.9.4.8

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Axial length changes can result in subtle microstructural retinal changes especially in high myopia. 26 , 82 , 83 Previous studies have shown positive correlation between deep retinal layer perfusion density and axial length. The diurnal amplitudes of the deep parafoveal vessel and perfusion density and axial length were positively correlated, and their variations were in-phase with each other (peaks between 2 PM and 3 PM) in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Indexes Over 24 Hours

Lal

Alonso‐Caneiro

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et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To evaluate changes in the retinal microvasculature of young adults over 24 hours using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods Participants (n = 44, mean age 23.2 ± 4.1 years, 24 myopes and 20 nonmyopes) with normal ophthalmological findings were recruited. Two macular OCT-A and OCT scans, systemic blood pressure, intraocular pressure (IOP), and biometry measurements were taken every four hours over 24 hours. Superficial and deep retinal layer en face images were analyzed to extract magnification-corrected vascular indexes using image analysis including foveal avascular zone metrics, vessel density, and perfusion density for the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal zones. Results Significant diurnal variations ( P < 0.001) were observed in the vessel and perfusion density in the three superficial retinal layer regions, with acrophase between 4:30 PM and 8:30 PM. Only foveal and parafoveal regions of the deep retinal layer exhibited significant diurnal variations with acrophase between 9 AM and 3 PM. Myopes and nonmyopes had different acrophases but not amplitudes in the parafoveal perfusion density of superficial retinal layer ( P = 0.039). Significant correlations were observed between diurnal amplitudes or acrophases of superficial retinal layer indexes and systemic pulse pressure, IOP, axial length and retinal thickness. Conclusions This study shows, for the first time, that significant diurnal variation exists in OCT-A indexes of macular superficial and deep retinal layer over 24 hours and were related to variations in various ocular and systemic measurements. Myopes and nonmyopes showed differences in the timing but not in amplitude of the superficial retinal layer parafoveal perfusion density variations but not in deep retinal layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Changes in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Indexes Over 24 Hours

Lal

Alonso‐Caneiro

Read

et al. 2022

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Lower central retinal artery blood velocities [ 20 , 21 ], a narrowing of the retinal vessel diameter [ 21 ], decreased capillary density [ 5 ], and larger foveal avascular zones [ 22 ] have been described in human myopic eyes with no degeneration. Due to the interrelationship between the neurovascular elements, these vascular changes might in turn compromise vascular and neuronal function, premeditate astrocytic reorganization, and be part of the etiological cascade of events that increases the risk to develop posterior pole complications [ 23 , 24 ]. However, the longitudinal effect of myopia on capillaries, astrocytes, and ganglion cells, and how they relate to each other, remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia Alters the Structural Organization of the Retinal Vasculature, GFAP-Positive Glia, and Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness

Lin

Toychiev

Ablordeppey

et al. 2022

IJMS

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To describe the effect of myopic eye growth on the structure and distribution of astrocytes, vasculature, and ganglion cell thickness, which are critical for inner retinal tissue homeostasis and survival, astrocyte and capillary distribution, retinal nerve fiber (RNFL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses were assessed using immunochemistry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography on eleven retinas of juvenile common marmosets (Callithrix Jacchus), six of which were induced with lens-induced myopia (refraction, Rx: −7.01 ± 1.8D). Five untreated age-matched juvenile marmoset retinas were used as controls (Rx: −0.74 ± 0.4D). As control marmoset eyes grew normally, there was an age-related increase in astrocyte numbers, which was associated with RNFL thickening. Marmosets with induced myopia did not show this trend and, on the contrary, had reduced astrocyte numbers, increased positive GFAP-immunopositive staining, thinner RNFL, lower peripheral capillary branching, and increased numbers of string vessels. The myopic changes in retinal astrocytes, vasculature, and ganglion cell layer thickness suggest a reorganization of the astrocyte and vascular templates during myopia development and progression. Whether these adaptations are beneficial or harmful to the retina remains to be investigated.

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“…Therefore, the reduction in microvascular density may start from the DVP and develop in both the SVP and DVP. With regard to the reason for reduced microvascular density, some [11] attributed it to microvascular loss, and others attributed it to narrowing and stretching of the retinal vessel caused by axial elongation of the eyeball [21, 24]. Conversely, Zhu et al [11] study revealed that DVP densities in the high and superhigh myopia groups were significantly higher than those in the MM group and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OCTA offers results with high repeatability and reproducibility [9, 10]. Nevertheless, different imaging analysis methods have been used in previous studies, which may also contribute to the discrepancies [11, 12]. Currently, the number of studies assessing the retinal microvasculature of myopic eyes using OCTA is relatively small, and the conclusions are inconsistent [13, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Deep Vascular Plexus Density Is Closely Related to Myopic Severity

Yao

Xin

2022

Ophthalmic Res

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Objectives: To investigate the relationship between myopic severity and the retinal microvasculature based on quantitative variables using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to identify OCTA indicators of microvascular network loss in myopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 123 eyes of 123 myopic subjects. The included eyes were divided into three groups according to the spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL): low myopia (LM) (−3.00 D ≤ SE ≤ −0.50 D), moderate myopia (MM) (−6.00 D ≤ SE <−3.00 D) and high myopia (HM) (−9.00 D ≤ SE < −6.00 D or AL > 26 mm). All the eyes underwent OCTA scans. The densities and thicknesses of the macular and peripapillary zones, including the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, superficial vascular plexus (SVP) density, deep vascular plexus (DVP) density, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, full retinal thickness, radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP) density and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, were automatically exported. Results: Compared to the LM or MM group, the HM group had a significantly reduced FAZ area (p < 0.05). In most sectors of the parafoveal and perifoveal areas, the HM group had significantly lower DVP density and higher retinal thickness than the LM and MM groups (all p < 0.05). However, significant differences among the three groups in only one or several sectors were observed with regard to SVP density, GCC thickness and RNFL thickness, and no significant differences among the three groups in any sector were noticed in RPCP density. Perifoveal DVP density and perifoveal full retinal thickness were positively associated with SE and negatively associated with AL in stepwise multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for sex and age. Conclusion: DVP density was closely related to myopic severity. Reduced perifoveal DVP density may serve as an indicator of microvascular network loss in myopia. OCTA may provide useful and crucial information for monitoring the progression of myopia.

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Characterization of the Three Distinct Retinal Capillary Plexuses Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Myopic Eyes

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Changes in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Indexes Over 24 Hours

Changes in Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Indexes Over 24 Hours

Myopia Alters the Structural Organization of the Retinal Vasculature, GFAP-Positive Glia, and Ganglion Cell Layer Thickness

The Deep Vascular Plexus Density Is Closely Related to Myopic Severity

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