Characterization of the textile anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 4

Epolito, William J.; Lee, Y.H.; Bottomley, Lawrence A.; Pavlostathis, Spyros G.

doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.10.006

Cited by 120 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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Section: Voltammetric Characterization and Electrolyses As A Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the decreased absorbance values observed at 387, 492, and 596 nm, probably related to the naphthalene ring, and the azo and anthraquinone groups, respectively, is due to the break in the conjugated system of the dyes. 34,35 Besides the more efficient RB-4 decolorization data, Figure 3 reveals that there is a slight difference in the decrease of the RO-16 bands; i.e., the results indicate that the electrochemical degradation of the azo group is easier compared to naphthalene ring oxidation.An examination of the decolorization profile as a function of the electrode material showed that this parameter had no significant influence on the degradation; i.e., color removal data during the evaluated electrolysis time was similar for all the tested anode compositions.Besides the degradation profile based on color removal, mineralization of the dyes (followed by TOC before and after treatment) as a function of the electrode material was also performed. A slight influence of the electrode material on the mineralization rate could be observed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical degradation of reactive dyes at different DSA® compositions

Silva¹,

Neto²,

Andrade³

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho investiga a oxidação eletroquímica dos corantes azul reativo 4 (RB-4) e laranja reativo 16 (RO-16) utilizando ânodos dimensionalmente estáveis de RuO 2 . As eletrólises foram realizadas sob controle galvanostático em função do eletrólito de suporte e composição do material eletródico. As eletrólises feitas na presença ou ausência de NaCl foram capazes de remover totalmente a coloração da solução; no entanto, um aumento significativo da combustão do corante somente foi obtido para na presença de cloreto (valores de 80% de remoção de carbono foram atingido). Concentrações elevadas de cloreto não implicaram em aumento significativo de remoção da cor ou mineralização. A composição do óxido influência na destruição do corante (com ou sem cloreto), observa-se que Ti/Ru 0.30 Ti 0.70 O 2 é o material mais ativo para oxidação dos compostos investigados. A reação de desprendimento de oxigênio é uma reação paralela limitante em ambos os eletrólitos de suporte investigados, NaCl e Na 2 SO 4 , e a competição com a oxidação do composto orgânico ainda é um obstáculo. A análise da formação de compostos organoclorados (AOX) revela que existe um pequeno consumo das espécies formadas nos primeiros minutos de eletrólise, a composição Ti/(RuO 2 ) 0.70 (Ta 2 O 5 ) 0.30 é a composição com melhores características para emprego no tratamento ambientais. Tanto a composição como o eletrólito afetam a formação de compostos indesejáveis. This paper investigates the electrochemical oxidation of the reactive dyes reactive blue 4 (RB-4) and reactive orange 16 (RO-16) on RuO 2 dimensionally stable anode (DSA ® ) electrodes. Electrolysis was achieved under galvanostatic control as a function of supporting electrolyte and electrode composition. The electrolyses, performed in either the presence or absence of NaCl, were able to promote efficient color removal; moreover, at low chloride concentration (0.01 mol L -1 ), total color removal was obtained after just 10 min of electrolysis, and a significant increase in total dye combustion was achieved for all the studied anodes in chloride medium (reaching ca. . No significant enhancement in dye color removal or mineralization was observed upon increasing chloride concentration. The influence of oxide composition on dye elimination seems to be significant in both media (with or without chloride), being Ti/Ru 0.30 Ti 0.70 O 2 , the most active material for organic compound oxidation. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was shown to be a limiting reaction in both supporting electrolytes; i.e., NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 , and its competition with organic compound oxidation remained an obstacle. The adsorbable organo halogens (AOX) formation study revealed that there is slight consumption of the undesirable species formed within the first minutes of the electrolysis, being Ti/(RuO 2 ) 0.70 (Ta 2 O 5 ) 0.30 the most environmentally friendly composition. Both anode composition and chloride concentration affect the formation of these undesirable compounds.Keywords: reactive dyes, electrochemical oxidat...

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Section: Voltammetric Characterization and Electrolyses As A Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical degradation of reactive dyes at different DSA® compositions

Silva¹,

Neto²,

Andrade³

2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The environmental problems related to the textile industry are numerous and well documented (Mahmoodi et al, 2010a;Mahmoodi et al, 2010b;Gottipati and Mishra, 2010;Lima et al, 2007;Epolito et al, 2005). Besides the removal of organic loads, blue color removal is one of the main objectives in the treatment of textile effluents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of the Dye Reactive Blue 5g in Retorted Shale

Lambrecht

Barros

Arroyo

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-In this study the influence of the volumetric flow rate and feed concentration was investigated for the adsorption of the reactive dye Blue 5G. Experiments were carried out in a bed packed with retorted shale, at 30 o C. The ranges investigated were flow rate 2 -10 mL/min and the feed concentration 13-105 mg/L. Mathematical models were used to represent the dynamic sorption. The double resistance model considers the effects of the axial dispersion and the mass transfer resistance of the external film and inside the particles. As a result, the mass transfer coefficient of the external film and the internal mass transfer coefficient were estimated. The Thomas model was used to simulate the experimental data. In this model the fitted parameter was the adsorption kinetic constant. The first model provided an acceptable representation of the dynamic uptake of the reactive dye Blue 5G.

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“…MALDI-ToF-MS analyses of standard anthraquinones and derivatives are described in the literature [28,29] but the anthraquinones typical of red lakes have never been investigated by this means, and no study on the possible interferences from the matrix is available. In particular, the possible influence of the complex painting matrix on anthraquinone identification in unknown samples has not been evaluated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification of Anthraquinones: the Case of Historical Lakes

Sabatini

Lluveras‐Tenorio

Degano

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. This study deals with the identification of anthraquinoid molecular markers in standard dyes, reference lakes, and paint model systems using a micro-invasive and nondestructive technique such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF-MS). Red anthraquinoid lakes, such as madder lake, carmine lake, and Indian lac, have been the most widely used for painting purposes since ancient times. From an analytical point of view, identifying lakes in paint samples is challenging and developing methods that maximize the information achievable minimizing the amount of sample needed is of paramount importance. The employed method was tested on less than 0.5 mg of reference samples and required a minimal sample preparation, entailing a hydrofluoric acid extraction. The method is fast and versatile because of the possibility to re-analyze the same sample (once it has been spotted on the steel plate), testing both positive and negative modes in a few minutes. The MALDI mass spectra collected in the two analysis modes were studied and compared with LDI and simulated mass spectra in order to highlight the peculiar behavior of the anthraquinones in the MALDI process. Both ionization modes were assessed for each species. The effect of the different paint binders on dye identification was also evaluated through the analyses of paint model systems. In the end, the method was successful in detecting madder lake in archeological samples from Greek wall paintings and on an Italian funerary clay vessel, demonstrating its capabilities to identify dyes in small amount of highly degraded samples.

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Characterization of the textile anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 4

Cited by 120 publications

References 23 publications

Electrochemical degradation of reactive dyes at different DSA® compositions

Electrochemical degradation of reactive dyes at different DSA® compositions

Adsorption of the Dye Reactive Blue 5g in Retorted Shale

A Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Method for the Identification of Anthraquinones: the Case of Historical Lakes

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