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We report decisive advances in costly-robust Pd-based ORR nanocatalysts preparation, which enlighten us on the crucial role of nanowire oxides.

The ethylene glycol oxidation reaction on nickel and ruthenium modified palladium nanocatalysts was investigated with electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chromatographic methods. These carbon-supported materials, prepared by a revisited polyol approach, exhibited high activity towards the ethylene glycol electrooxidation in alkaline medium. Electrolysis coupled with high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) measurements allowed us to determine the different compounds electrogenerated in the oxidative conversion of this two-carbon molecule. High value-added products such as oxalate, glyoxylate, and glycolate were identified in all electrolytic solutions, whereas glyoxylate was selectively formed at the Ru 45 @Pd 55 /C electrode surface. In situ FTIRS results also showed a decrease in the pH value in the thin layer near the electrode as a consequence of OH À consumption during the spectroelectrochemical experiments.

Este trabalho investiga a oxidação eletroquímica dos corantes azul reativo 4 (RB-4) e laranja reativo 16 (RO-16) utilizando ânodos dimensionalmente estáveis de RuO 2 . As eletrólises foram realizadas sob controle galvanostático em função do eletrólito de suporte e composição do material eletródico. As eletrólises feitas na presença ou ausência de NaCl foram capazes de remover totalmente a coloração da solução; no entanto, um aumento significativo da combustão do corante somente foi obtido para na presença de cloreto (valores de 80% de remoção de carbono foram atingido). Concentrações elevadas de cloreto não implicaram em aumento significativo de remoção da cor ou mineralização. A composição do óxido influência na destruição do corante (com ou sem cloreto), observa-se que Ti/Ru 0.30 Ti 0.70 O 2 é o material mais ativo para oxidação dos compostos investigados. A reação de desprendimento de oxigênio é uma reação paralela limitante em ambos os eletrólitos de suporte investigados, NaCl e Na 2 SO 4 , e a competição com a oxidação do composto orgânico ainda é um obstáculo. A análise da formação de compostos organoclorados (AOX) revela que existe um pequeno consumo das espécies formadas nos primeiros minutos de eletrólise, a composição Ti/(RuO 2 ) 0.70 (Ta 2 O 5 ) 0.30 é a composição com melhores características para emprego no tratamento ambientais. Tanto a composição como o eletrólito afetam a formação de compostos indesejáveis. This paper investigates the electrochemical oxidation of the reactive dyes reactive blue 4 (RB-4) and reactive orange 16 (RO-16) on RuO 2 dimensionally stable anode (DSA ® ) electrodes. Electrolysis was achieved under galvanostatic control as a function of supporting electrolyte and electrode composition. The electrolyses, performed in either the presence or absence of NaCl, were able to promote efficient color removal; moreover, at low chloride concentration (0.01 mol L -1 ), total color removal was obtained after just 10 min of electrolysis, and a significant increase in total dye combustion was achieved for all the studied anodes in chloride medium (reaching ca. . No significant enhancement in dye color removal or mineralization was observed upon increasing chloride concentration. The influence of oxide composition on dye elimination seems to be significant in both media (with or without chloride), being Ti/Ru 0.30 Ti 0.70 O 2 , the most active material for organic compound oxidation. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was shown to be a limiting reaction in both supporting electrolytes; i.e., NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 , and its competition with organic compound oxidation remained an obstacle. The adsorbable organo halogens (AOX) formation study revealed that there is slight consumption of the undesirable species formed within the first minutes of the electrolysis, being Ti/(RuO 2 ) 0.70 (Ta 2 O 5 ) 0.30 the most environmentally friendly composition. Both anode composition and chloride concentration affect the formation of these undesirable compounds.Keywords: reactive dyes, electrochemical oxidat...

A ovinocaprinocultura possui elevada importância socioeconômica no Nordeste, entretanto, o baixo potencial genético dos rebanhos, associado à escassez de pastos na estação seca, condiciona baixos índices de produtividade e rentabilidade. A formação de pastagem cultivada é uma forma de nivelar a capacidade de suporte durante o ano. O trabalho proposto objetiva aumentar a produtividade, expandir a renda e incentivar o produtor a investir em novas técnicas produtivas. Foram utilizados 100 ovinos mestiços (Santa Inês x SRD) e empregados três períodos de descanso do pasto: tratamento 1 - tempo para formação de 1,5 folha por perfilho em média; tratamento 2 - tempo para formação de 2,5 folhas, e tratamento 3 - tempo para formação de 3,5 folhas. A análise foi feita com base em 1,3 e 5 hectares com utilização de cerca de tela e elétrica. Foram utilizadas como medidas de eficiência: relação benefício custo, valor presente líquido, taxa interna de retorno, e análise de sensibilidade. O tratamento com 2,5 folhas com exploração de no mínimo 5 hectares apresentou o melhor resultado econômico, biológico e ambiental. Para que haja retorno econômico há necessidade de utilização de animais de ótimo potencial genético e de se explorar áreas superiores a 5 hectares.
The breeding of ovine and caprine possess high partner-economic importance in the Northeast, however, the low genetic potential of the herds, as well as the scarcity of pastures during the dry season, limits the productivity and lucrativeness indices to a low level. The use of cultivated pastures is a way to maintain in high level the carrying capacity of the pasture over the year. This work was conducted with the aim of increase the productivity, expand the income and stimulate the producer to invest in new productive techniques. 100 Sem Raça Definida sheep and three periods were used. The rest period consisted of: treatment 1 - time for expansion of 1.5 new leaves per tiller; treatment 2 - time for expansion of 2.5 new leaves per tiller and treatment 3 - time for expansion of 3.5 new leaves per tiller. The analysis considered the use of 1, 3 or 5 hectares of pasture, fenced by campestre screen or electric fence. The efficiency indices adopted were: benefit cost relation, liquid present value, return internal tax, and sensitivity analysis. The 2.5 leaves rest period exploring at least 5.0 hectares presented best performance, in terms economics, biological and environmental. So, to promote economic return, it is necessary to use sheep of higher genetic potential and pastures areas above 5.0 hectares

We investigated the photoelectrochemical oxidation of the dye Reactive Blue 4 in the presence of a DSA ® -type electrode of nominal composition Ti/Ru 0.3 Ti 0.7 O 2 under ultraviolet radiation, aiming to enhance the degradation yields of this dye. We conducted the photoelectrocatalytic treatment under galvanostatic control, using an 80 W mercury vapor lamp as the UV source. We also compared unassisted electrooxidative processes and photocatalytic processes with photoelectrochemical oxidation, to gain better insight into the employed advanced oxidation processes and to evaluate their applicability. The photoelectrooxidative process conducted at 37.8 mA cm -2 promoted fast color removal in the tested solution. The chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon decreased by approximately 64.7 and 42.7%, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry helped to identify the intermediate compounds produced along the photoelectrochemical process, namely phthalic anhydride, phthalimide, phthalide, 1,3-indanone, and benzoic acid.

Purpose Anal incontinence is a very stigmatizing condition, which affects biopsychosocially the patient. It is a neglected, but quite common complication of obstetric and anorectal surgery, however it has treatment options. None of the treatment options have exceptional efficacy rates and still associated with risk of recurrence. The surgery techniques known are: anterior and posterior shortening procedure; post-anal repair; anterior elevator plasty and external sphincter plication; total pelvic floor repair and sphincter repair. None of them use a flap rotation of adipose tissue. The purpose is to propose a new surgery technique of anal sphincteroplasty, which uses flap rotation, for severe perineal deformity associated with anal incontinence. Methods Patient with severe perineal deformity and anal incontinence treated with a new surgery technique of sphincteroplasty with flap rotation. Results The severe perineal deformity was corrected with both esthetic and functional results. Anal continence measured by Wexner and Jorge assessment in a follow-up period of 2 years after the intervention. Pictures and video show esthetic and functional aspects. Conclusion This is the first time that a flap rotation is used to treat a severe perineal deformity. And the technique presented promising outcomes, which allows perineum reconstruction that is similar to the original anatomy. Therefore, this technique is justified to better evaluate its efficiency and the impact on patients’ prognosis.

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