Characterization of the structure‐activity relationship of kdr and two variants of super‐kdr to pyrethroids in the housefly (Musca domestica L.)

Farnham, Andrew W.; Murray, Alistair; Sawicki, R. M.; Denholm, I.; White, Jean C.

doi:10.1002/ps.2780190306

Cited by 72 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fitting a Derived by repeated backcrossing of kdr or super-kdr flies to the Cooper strain and reselecting for resistance (Farnham et al, 1987). generalised linear model with a probit link and adjusting for esterase level and concentration effects, the tendency to respond was strongly associated with kdr genotype (Figure 2); the significance of differences between genotypes being as follows; SS vs SR, difference: 1.00, t 715 ¼ 8.6, Po0.001; SS vs RR, difference: 1.75, t 715 ¼ 14.7, Po0.001; SR vs RR, difference: 0.75, t 715 ¼ 6.6, Po0.001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our LD 50 values for the strains Cooper 530 and 579 compare favourably with figures published previously. Farnham et al (1987) showed that kdr alone conferred 17-and 34-fold resistance to DDT and deltamethrin and 63-and 221-fold resistance, respectively, when super-kdr was also present. Our data showed 7-and 13-fold resistance conferred by kdr alone to DDT and deltamethrin, and 45-and 497-fold resistance, respectively with the addition of the super-kdr mutation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analogous pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance genotypes in peach–potato aphids and houseflies

et al. 2003

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We show that single-point mutations conferring target-site resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and DDT in aphids and houseflies, and gene amplification conferring metabolic resistance (carboxylesterase) to organophosphates and carbamates in aphids, can have deleterious pleiotropic effects on fitness. Behavioural studies on peach-potato aphids showed that a reduced response to alarm pheromone was associated with both gene amplification and the kdr target-site mutation. In this species, gene amplification was also associated with a decreased propensity to move from senescing leaves to fresh leaves at low temperature. Housefly genotypes possessing the identical kdr mutation were also shown to exhibit behavioural differences in comparison with susceptible insects. In this species, resistant individuals showed no positional preference along a temperature gradient while susceptible genotypes exhibited a strong preference for warmer temperatures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogous pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance genotypes in peach–potato aphids and houseflies

et al. 2003

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“…Thus, it seems unlikely that we tested a strain or isolate that was truly susceptible to pyrethroids. The amino-acid substitution underpinning kdr (L1014F) is thought to confer 10 -30 fold resistance to a broad range of pyrethroid molecules (Farnham et al 1987) whereas that underpinning skdr (T929V) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Adult Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to Insecticides and Status of Insecticide Resistance Mutations at the Rdl and Knockdown Resistance Loci

et al. 2015

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The susceptibility of 12 field-collected isolates and 4 laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis was determined by topical application of some of the insecticides used as on-animal therapies to control them. In the tested field-collected flea isolates the LD 50 values for fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.09 to 0.35 ng/flea and 0.02 to 0.19 ng/ flea, respectively, and were consistent with baseline figures published previously. The extent of variation in response to four pyrethroid insecticides differed between compounds with the LD 50 values for deltamethrin ranging from 2.3 to 28.2 ng/ flea, etofenprox ranging from 26.7 to 86.7 ng/flea, permethrin ranging from 17.5 to 85.6 ng/flea, and d-phenothrin ranging from 14.5 to 130 ng/flea. A comparison with earlier data for permethrin and deltamethrin implied a level of pyrethroid resistance in all isolates and strains. LD 50 values for tetrachlorvinphos ranged from 20.0 to 420.0 ng/flea. The rdl mutation (conferring target-site resistance Parasitol Res (2015) 114 (Suppl 1):S7-S18 DOI 10.1007/s00436-015-4512-1 S7Ectopar asitEs to cyclodiene insecticides) was present in most field-collected and laboratory strains, but had no discernible effect on responses to fipronil, which acts on the same receptor protein as cyclodienes. The kdr and skdr mutations conferring target-site resistance to pyrethroids but segregated in opposition to one another, precluding the formation of genotypes homozygous for both mutations.

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“…The kdr factor is now known to be a recessive allele conferring cross resistance to the entire class of pyrethroids and pyrethrins as well as to DDT and its analogues. This type of resistance has now been reported in many important pest species and in many cases is accompanied by a second recessive resistance trait designated super-kdr which confers much greater resistance to pyrethroids (21).…”

Section: Target Site Resistancementioning

confidence: 94%

DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect sodium channels

et al. 2007

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SummaryThe long term use of many insecticides is continually threatened by the ability of insects to evolve resistance mechanisms that render the chemicals ineffective. Such resistance poses a serious threat to insect pest control both in the UK and worldwide. Resistance may result from either an increase in the ability of the insect to detoxify the insecticide or by changes in the target protein with which the insecticide interacts. DDT, the pyrethrins and the synthetic pyrethroids (the latter currently accounting for around 17% of the world insecticide market), act on the voltage-gated sodium channel proteins found in insect nerve cell membranes. The correct functioning of these channels is essential for normal transmission of nerve impulses and this process is disrupted by binding of the insecticides, leading to paralysis and eventual death. Some insect pest populations have evolved modifications of the sodium channel protein which prevent the binding of the insecticide and result in the insect developing resistance. Here we review some of the work (done at Rothamsted Research and elsewhere) that has led to the identification of specific residues on the sodium channel that may constitute the DDT and pyrethroid binding sites. IUBMB Life, 59: 151-162, 2007

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Characterization of the structure‐activity relationship of kdr and two variants of super‐kdr to pyrethroids in the housefly (Musca domestica L.)

Cited by 72 publications

References 10 publications

Analogous pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance genotypes in peach–potato aphids and houseflies

Analogous pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance genotypes in peach–potato aphids and houseflies

Susceptibility of Adult Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to Insecticides and Status of Insecticide Resistance Mutations at the Rdl and Knockdown Resistance Loci

DDT, pyrethrins, pyrethroids and insect sodium channels

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