Characterization of the response of spring-based relative gravimeters during paroxysmal eruptions at Etna volcano

Greco, Filippo; Iafolla, V.; Pistorio, Antonio; Fiorenza, Emiliano; Currenti, Gilda; Napoli, Rosalba; Bonaccorso, Alessandro; Negro, Ciro Del

doi:10.1186/1880-5981-66-44

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In order to establish the threshold over which data are neglected, we use the seismic signal from a broadband station co-located with (i.e., within 2 m from) the gravimeter. As shown in previous papers 19 20 , the effect of horizontal and vertical ground motions on the output from a continuously recording gravimeter depends on the amplitude and spectral content of the exciting seismic signal. To take into account as much as possible information on the disturbing ground shaking and to ensure that the above threshold is objectively valid, we utilize the results of an unsupervised pattern recognition scheme.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Balancing bulk gas accumulation and gas output before and during lava fountaining episodes at Mt. Etna

Carbone

Zuccarello

Messina

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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We focus on a sequence of 9 lava fountains from Etna that occurred in 2011, separated by intervals of 5 to 10 days. Continuous measurements allowed to discover the occurrence of gravity decreases before the onset of most fountaining episodes. We propose that the gravity changes are due to the pre-fountaining accumulation of a foam layer at shallow levels in the plumbing system of the volcano. Relying on the relationship between amount of gas trapped in the foam and amount of gas emitted during each episode, we develop a conceptual model of the mechanism controlling the passage from Strombolian to lava fountaining activity. Gas leakage from the foam layer during the late stages of its accumulation increases the gas volume fraction at upper levels, thus inducing a decrease of the magma-static pressure in the trapping zone and a further growth of the foam. This feedback mechanism eventually leads to the collapse of the foam layer and to the onset of lava fountaining. The possibility to detect the development of a foam layer at depth and to set quantitative constraints on the amount of trapped gas is important because of the implications for forecasting explosive eruptions and predicting their intensity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Balancing bulk gas accumulation and gas output before and during lava fountaining episodes at Mt. Etna

Carbone

Zuccarello

Messina

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…In general, the 2017 measurements and the main axis model do not show a good agreement (see also Schilling 2019) due to the instability of the scaffolding used as a platform (see also Greco et al 2014). The agreement on the validation profile is better, and only the two topmost points do not agree with the model and simulation.…”

Section: Combination Of Model and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10 m atom interferometer

Schilling

Wodey

Timmen

et al. 2020

J Geod

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Absolute gravimeters are used in geodesy, geophysics and physics for a wide spectrum of applications. Stable gravimetric measurements over timescales from several days to decades are required to provide relevant insight into geophysical processes. Users of absolute gravimeters participate in comparisons with a metrological reference in order to monitor the temporal stability of the instruments and determine the bias to that reference. However, since no measurement standard of higher-order accuracy currently exists, users of absolute gravimeters participate in key comparisons led by the International Committee for Weights and Measures. These comparisons provide the reference values of highest accuracy compared to the calibration against a single gravimeter operated at a metrological institute. The construction of stationary, large-scale atom interferometers paves the way for a new measurement standard in absolute gravimetry used as a reference with a potential stability up to $$1\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$ 1 nm / s 2 at 1 s integration time. At the Leibniz University Hannover, we are currently building such a very long baseline atom interferometer with a 10-m-long interaction zone. The knowledge of local gravity and its gradient along and around the baseline is required to establish the instrument’s uncertainty budget and enable transfers of gravimetric measurements to nearby devices for comparison and calibration purposes. We therefore established a control network for relative gravimeters and repeatedly measured its connections during the construction of the atom interferometer. We additionally developed a 3D model of the host building to investigate the self-attraction effect and studied the impact of mass changes due to groundwater hydrology on the gravity field around the reference instrument. The gravitational effect from the building 3D model is in excellent agreement with the latest gravimetric measurement campaign which opens the possibility to transfer gravity values with an uncertainty below the $${10}\,\hbox {nm}{/}{\hbox {s}^{2}}$$ 10 nm / s 2 level.

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“…The network has evolved over the years and it currently consists of 71 benchmarks, covering an area of about 400 km 2 . LaCoste and Romberg model D and Scintrex CG-3 M/CG-5 gravimeters have been utilized to perform the relative measurements (Budetta and Carbone 1998;Carbone et al 2009;Greco et al 2014).…”

Section: Mt Etna's Gravity and Geodetic Monitoring Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long-term charge/discharge cycle at Mt. Etna volcano revealed through absolute gravity and GPS measurements

Greco

Bonforte

Carbone

2022

J Geod

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We present results of repeated absolute gravity and GPS measurements, carried out at Mt. Etna volcano between 2009 and 2018. Absolute gravity measurements are rarely performed along arrays of stations on active volcanoes and, through our unprecedented dataset, we highlight the possibilities of this method to track underground mass changes over long time-scales. Analysis of the residual absolute gravity data and ground deformation reveals a cycle of gravity increase and uplift during 2009 to 2011, followed by gravity decrease and subsidence during 2011 to 2014. Data inversion points to a common mass and pressure source, lying beneath the summit area of the volcano, at depth of ~ 5 km b.s.l. The bulk volume change inferred by the inversion of the deformation data can account for only a small portion of the mass change needed to explain the correspondent gravity variations. We propose that the observed relationship between gravity and vertical deformation was mostly due to the compressibility of the magma in the inferred reservoir, which, in turn, was enhanced by the presence of exsolved gas. Overall, the gravity and deformation data we present reveal a cycle of magma recharge (2009–2011) and discharge (2011–2014) to/from the inferred storage zone. During the recharge phase only degassing occurred from the summit craters of Mt. Etna. During the following phase of discharge, the magma lost from the reservoir at ~ 5 km b.s.l. fed the exceptional phase of volcanic activity during 2011–2014, when tens of lava fountaining episodes took place.

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Characterization of the response of spring-based relative gravimeters during paroxysmal eruptions at Etna volcano

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Balancing bulk gas accumulation and gas output before and during lava fountaining episodes at Mt. Etna

Balancing bulk gas accumulation and gas output before and during lava fountaining episodes at Mt. Etna

Gravity field modelling for the Hannover 10 m atom interferometer

A long-term charge/discharge cycle at Mt. Etna volcano revealed through absolute gravity and GPS measurements

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