Characterization of the residues in Han Dynasty bronze lamps by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Han, Huarui; Wei, Shuya; Yang, Jun; Guan, Li; Li, Wenhuan

doi:10.1186/s40494-019-0279-5

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely used to separate and detect organic residues: Laura Blanco-Zubiaguirre analysis the wine markers in archeological potteries at ultratrace levels, [7] Shuya Wei analysis the lamp oil residue from Haihunhou Tomb. [8] Joanna Kałuż na-Czaplińska reviews the analytical procedures of different organic residue (lipids, fatty acids and other biomarkers) based on the GC-MS. However, traditional quadrupole instruments provide limited sensitivity in the scan mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the residues in glass bottle from the Song Dynasty by GC-QTOF---the earliest archaeological recorded ambergris at present

Ding

Fu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The organic residues in a glass bottle excavated from the Grand Baoen Temple site in the Song Dynasty, in Jiangsu Province, were studied in this paper. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QMS) and Gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) were applied to characterize the material. By comparing the 7 modern collected ambergris reference samples, the residue in the bottle was identified as ambergris. The biomarker molecule ambrein was detected in the residues via solvent vent mode and the co-eluent of interferent was checked using secondary Q-TOF mode. Furthermore, the occurrence of ambergris in the underground palace demonstrates the well-developed overseas incense trade and the solemn Buddhist culture of using incense in the Song Dynasty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the residues in glass bottle from the Song Dynasty by GC-QTOF---the earliest archaeological recorded ambergris at present

Ding

Fu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition to the merits listed above, what amazed people most is the environmentally friendly design concept demonstrated by this artifact. It is widely believed that when the lamp was used for lighting 2,000 y ago, the goose belly was filled with water and the long neck served as a duct for the smoke generated by burning plant oil, animal fat, or wax ( 4 ). Rather than polluting the indoor air, the smoke flowed into the belly through the neck and was finally absorbed by the water.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering eco-friendly design in the ancient bronze goose-and-fish lamp: an unnoticeable gap boosts ventilation

Xiao

Shen

Chen

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The bronze goose-and-fish lamp exhibited in the national museum of China is a 2,000-y-old artifact once used for indoor lighting by nobility in the Western Han dynasty (206 BCE TO 25 CE). The beauty of this national treasure arises from its elegant shape vividly showing a goose catching fish with beautiful colors painted over the whole body. Beyond the artistic and historical value, what enchants people most is the eco-design concept of this oil-burning lamp. It is widely believed that the smoke generated by burning animal oil can flow into the goose belly through its long neck, then be absorbed by prefilled water in the belly, hence mitigating indoor air pollution. Although different mechanistic hypotheses such as natural convection and even the siphon effect have been proposed to qualitatively rationalize the above-claimed pollution mitigation function, due to the absence of a true scientific analysis, the definitive mechanism remains a mystery. By rigorous modeling of the nonisothermal fluid flow coupled with convection-diffusion of pollutant within and out of the lamp, we discover that it is the unnoticeable gap between goose body and lamp tray (i.e., an intrinsic feature of the multicompartmental design) that can offer definitive ventilation in the lamp. The ventilation is facilitated by natural convection due to oil burning. Adequate ventilation plays a key role in enabling pollution mitigation, as it allows pollutant to reach the goose belly, travel over and be absorbed by the water.

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Perceived space: Demonstrating a quantified approach to illumination in archaeological sites based on Asian Buddhist cave temples 5th–8th century CE

Monteith

Cai

et al. 2022

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Characterization of the residues in Han Dynasty bronze lamps by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization of the residues in glass bottle from the Song Dynasty by GC-QTOF---the earliest archaeological recorded ambergris at present

Characterization of the residues in glass bottle from the Song Dynasty by GC-QTOF---the earliest archaeological recorded ambergris at present

Uncovering eco-friendly design in the ancient bronze goose-and-fish lamp: an unnoticeable gap boosts ventilation

Perceived space: Demonstrating a quantified approach to illumination in archaeological sites based on Asian Buddhist cave temples 5th–8th century CE

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