Characterization of the mouse white adipose tissue redox environment and associations with perinatal environmental exposures to bisphenol A and high-fat diets

Abstract

White adipose tissue (WAT) plays an important role in obesity pathophysiology. Redox signaling underlies several aspects of WAT physiology; however, the thiol redox environment of WAT has not yet been fully characterized. Dietary and endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposures during development can transiently impact the cellular redox environment, but it is unknown whether these exposures can reprogram the WAT thiol redox environment. To characterize the WAT thiol redox environment, we took a descriptive approach and measured thiol redox parameters using high-performance liquid chromatography in mouse mesenteric (mWAT), gonadal (gWAT) and subinguinal (sWAT) depots. Cysteine (CYSS:CYS) and glutathione (GSSG:GSH) redox potentials (Eh) were more oxidizing in gWAT and sWAT than mWAT. Increased body weight, relative WAT weight and age were associated with oxidizing GSSG:GSH Eh in mWAT in a sex-specific manner. Body weight and relative WAT weight were also positively associated with GSSG:GSH Eh in sWAT. We carried out a second mouse study with perinatal exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) and Mediterranean and Western high-fat diets (HFDs) to determine whether early-life chemical and dietary factors have long-lasting impacts on mWAT redox parameters. Mice exposed to Mediterranean HFD or BPA had more oxidizing GSSG:GSH mWAT Eh than controls, with more pronounced differences in females. These findings suggest an important role for the thiol redox environment in WAT physiology. Observed sex-specific and depot-specific differences in thiol redox parameters are consistent with known WAT physiology. Lastly, mWAT GSSG:GSH Eh may be reprogrammed by developmental exposure to HFDs and EDCs, which may have implications for obesity risk.

Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil ameliorates Bisphenol‐A‐induced adipokines dysfunctions and dyslipidemia

“…Our results showed that BPA intoxication increased the body weight of the experimental rats Neier et al (2019). reported a gradual increase in body weight in the offspring of 12-27-weeks -old C57BL/6J female mice that were fed on Chow diet Gestation day 9 to PND 21 at a dose of 50 μg/kg/ day.…”

“…Our results showed that BPA intoxication increased the body weight of the experimental rats. Neier et al ( 2019 ) reported a gradual increase in body weight in the offspring of 12–27‐weeks ‐old C57BL/6J female mice that were fed on Chow diet Gestation day 9 to PND 21 at a dose of 50 μg/kg/day. According to Tian et al ( 2021 ) reported that exposure to BPA and tetrabromobisphenol A at 20, 100, and 500 μg/L/day elevated the body weight, length, and food intake in male zebrafish.…”

Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk

“…In part, these changes are associated with enhanced adipocyte size, infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes, and elevated expression of lipogenic markers, like PPAR-γ and SREBP [ 113 ]. Developmental exposure to BPA has also been linked to enhanced levels of oxidative stress in the adipose of exposed offspring however, such an effect was not prevented by exposure to a perinatal Mediterranean diet that is known to offer protection against oxidative stress [ 114 ]. There may also be a greater number of adipocytes in the BAT of adult mouse offspring exposed to phalate during gestational and lactational development [ 111 ].…”

Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A or S in EAE model of multiple sclerosis

“…To resemble human exposure conditions, the daily treatment or the vehicle was given orally to the dams by means of a pipette to minimize the dams’ stress (Bo et al 2016 ; Palanza et al 2002 ). This type of administration allowed us to perform a perinatal treatment (covering both prenatal and postnatal critical windows of development) (Neier et al 2019 ) on the offspring. In fact, it is known that both BPA and BPS can pass first through the placenta and then into the milk during lactation (Cimmino et al 2020 ; Mao et al 2020 ).…”