Characterization of the immunoglobulin repertoire of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

Improving the pharmacokinetic properties of biologics by fusion to an anti-HSA shark VNAR domain

“…2V originated from the analyses of naïve spiny spleen tissue during the construction of the sequence database and was expressed as recombinant protein. 40 This VNAR domain had no inherent affinity for HSA as determined by direct antigen binding ELISA and BIAcore, and as such was a good candidate as a proof of concept to address the question of half-life extension. Three fusions were constructed: E06-2V, 2V-E06 and 2V-E06-2V with a flexible linker between the binding domains.…”

“…41 In addition, there was a decrease in the average length of CDR3 from 15 to 9.8 residues. 40 The library was rescued and a solid phase sequential bio-panning strategy against 50 μg/ml, 5μg/ml and 0.5 μg/ml HSA was employed. Enrichment of antigen-specific phage during the selection campaign was observed by polyclonal phage ELISA (data not shown) against target (HSA) and control (hen egg lysozyme; HEL) proteins.…”

Phylogeny and Comparative Physiology of Mucosal Immunoglobulins

“…Unlike the single IGH locus of higher vertebrates with exons encoding different heavy-chain isotypes, the Ig genes of cartilaginous fish are dispersed throughout the genome in clusters by isotype, sometimes comprising hundreds of individual clusters of heavy-and light-chain genes (Kokubu et al, 1987;Schluter et al, 1997). Despite this diversity, phylogenetic comparisons have identified three distinct "mega-isotypes" (Schluter et al, 1997;Flajnik and Kasahara, 2010;Smith et al, 2012). The primordial IgM of cartilaginous fish is orthologous to the IgM of higher vertebrates, whereas a second primordial Ig, initially called IgW, is orthologous to IgD (Ohta and Flajnik, 2006).…”

“…The IGJ gene encoding the J chain has been cloned and sequenced from a wide range of vertebrate species, including human (H. (Cann et al, 1982;Max and Korsmeyer, 1985;Kulseth and Rogne, 1994;Hohman et al, 1997;Adamski and Demmer, 1999;Takahashi et al, 2000;Cannon et al, 2002;Iwata et al, 2002;Hohman et al, 2003;Xu et al, 2009;Braathen et al, 2007;Lewis et al, 2010;Yan et al, 2011;Rokyta et al, 2012;Smith et al, 2012;Tan et al, 2012;Leon et al, 2013; and additional unpublished sequences available in the GenBank database). A simplified phylogenetic tree of vertebrate IGJ sequences is displayed in Figure 3.…”

Comparative Phylogeny of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

“…Recently, high levels of both IgW long and short transcripts were found in thymus, gill, and pancreas. It was suggested that pancreas IgW could be secreted with the pancreatic juice into the gut lumen, therefore protecting the mucosal surfaces of the shark gut (Smith et al, 2012). No studies have addressed the immune responses that take place in the skin and gills of cartilaginous fish following antigenic immunization.…”