Characterization of the <i>Granule‐Bound Starch Synthase I</i> Gene in <i>Chenopodium</i>

Brown, Douglass C.; Cepeda-Cornejo, V.; Maughan, Peter J.; Jellen, Eric N.

doi:10.3835/plantgenome2014.09.0051

Cited by 15 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…However, Arabidopsis is a diploid species and quinoa an allotetraploid. The tetraploid quinoa genome was formed upon hybridisation of two diploid subgenomes; the A-genome from Chenopodium pallidicaule and the B-genome from Chenopodium suecicum (Brown et al 2015;Štorchová et al 2014;Walsh et al 2015). The hybridisation event occurred an estimated 3.3-3.6 million years ago (Jarvis et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Golicz

Steinfort

Arya

et al. 2019

Funct Integr Genomics

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain crop grown in the Andes renowned as a highly nutritious plant exhibiting tolerance to abiotic stress such as drought, cold and high salinity. Quinoa grows across a range of latitudes corresponding to differing day lengths, suggesting regional adaptations of flowering regulation. Improved understanding and subsequent modification of the flowering process, including flowering time, ensuring high yields, is one of the key factors behind expansion of cultivation zones and goals of the crop improvement programs worldwide. However, our understanding of the molecular basis of flower initiation and development in quinoa is limited. Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. Our analysis indicated that on average each Arabidopsis flowering gene has two orthologous copies in quinoa. Several genes including orthologues of MIF1, FT and TSF were identified as homologue-rich genes in quinoa. We also identified 459 quinoa-specific genes uniquely expressed in the flower and/or meristem, with no known orthologues in other species. The genes identified provide a resource and framework for further studies of flowering in quinoa and related species. It will serve as valuable resource for plant biologists, crop physiologists and breeders to facilitate further research and establishment of modern breeding programs for quinoa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Golicz

Steinfort

Arya

et al. 2019

Funct Integr Genomics

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“…The approximate content of both amylose and amylopectin was analysed by staining with Lugol's I 2 –KI Stain (0.1 g resublimated iodine and 0.2 g KI dissolved in 30 ml distilled water) following the protocol developed by Brown et al (2014), who had previously demonstrated the utility of this technique in Chenopodium . Lugol's Stain is a common tool for discriminating between non- waxy (purple-blue) and waxy (red-brown) seeds, for example, in the grain amaranths (Park et al , 2012a, b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to amplify and sequence the ends of GBSSI, we employed a rapid amplification of complementary DNA (cDNA) ends (RACE) strategy (Yeku and Frohman, 2011) using the SMARTer RACE cDNA Amplification Kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA), following the manufacturer's protocol. The mRNA for this procedure was extracted from immature inflorescences (green and pre-anthesis) collected from C. quinoa and C. berlandieri plants as described in Brown et al (2014). The inflorescences were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored at − 80°C until use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study was to survey the distribution of waxy mutants in landrace populations of huauzontle. Preliminary screening of five C. quinoa varieties failed to identify any with a waxy phenotype; however, one out of two huauzontle populations, designated ‘H-02’, was waxy (Brown et al , 2014). We hypothesize that huauzontle, being a vegetable crop, was not subjected to as stringent a level of selection pressure for seed quality as quinoa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic variation of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) genes in waxy and non-waxy accessions of Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. nuttalliae from Central Mexico

Cepeda-Cornejo

Brown

Palomino

et al. 2015

Plant Genet. Resour.

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Huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. nuttalliae) is a locally important vegetable crop native to the highland valleys of Central Mexico and a potential source of genes for improving its Andean sister crop, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). A previous work involving two huauzontle lines identified one waxy genotype that lacked amylose due to mutations in granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), major amylose-synthesis genes with two constituent subgenomes, A and B. We conducted this study to determine the extent of waxy genotypes and cryptic GBSSI mutations in 11 huauzontle accessions or landrace populations extending from Puebla in the southeast to Jalisco in the northwest. This represents one of the first published studies of genetic variation in C. berlandieri ssp. nuttalliae. Accessions were phenotyped for opaque versus translucent seed morphology and their seed starches were stained with Lugol's Stain. In addition, complete or partial GBSSI genes from their A and B genomes were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Seven accessions were either wholly or partially non-waxy while six were either entirely or partially waxy. All waxy accessions carried the same putatively null alleles, designated gbssIa-tp (A-genome) and gbssIb-del (B-genome). The identification of publicly available genotypes carrying gbssIa-tp and their potential use in breeding waxy grain quinoa is discussed.

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“…( 2017 ) Granule-bound starch synthase I Physicochemical properties of starch Amylose content Brown et al. ( 2015 ) 4 Amaranth Cytochrome P450 , 4,5-DOPA dioxygenase extradiol 1 Natural pigments for food, cosmetic and medicine industry Betalain content Lightfoot et al. ( 2017 ) Aspartate kinase 1 and dihydrodipicolinate synthase Key enzymes of amino acid biosynthetic pathways Lysine content Clouse et al.…”

Section: Deriving Innovations In the Traditional Mixed Cropping Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region

et al. 2021

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Selective production of input intensive crops in the present scenario have resulted in productivity stagnation or even decline due to excessive usage of chemicals, affecting the farmers economically. Sustainable agriculture is the way to increase agricultural productivity and economic prosperity by protecting all natural resources. It maintains a balance of soil fertility with crop productivity and nutritional quality. The mixed cropping systems followed earlier in different regions according to their tradition, climatic zone, soil and water conditions were climate-smart approaches to sustainable food production based on practical experiences over the years of old generations. The life style changes, imbalance in farming system in last 70 years and demand for more food as well as declining land resources resulted in intensive agriculture. Besides, least returns and less demand of ethnic crops gave more preference to major staple food crops. Barahnaja is a traditional orphan crops based mixed cropping system practiced in Himalayan region due to its sustainability and assured crop harvest during erratic weather conditions. This traditional farming method is an exemplary scientific approach to derive innovations with respect to productivity, quality, plant soil interactions and organic agriculture. The main focus of the review is to substantiate the characteristics of the traditional mixed cropping system by describing the advantages of the system and opportunities for scientific innovation towards new knowledge and sustainability.

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Characterization of the Granule‐Bound Starch Synthase I Gene in Chenopodium

Cited by 15 publications

References 79 publications

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Analysis of the quinoa genome reveals conservation and divergence of the flowering pathways

Genetic variation of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) genes in waxy and non-waxy accessions of Chenopodium berlandieri ssp. nuttalliae from Central Mexico

Mainstreaming Barahnaja cultivation for food and nutritional security in the Himalayan region

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