“…These values are consistent with those published by other authors for honeydew honey obtained from different areas of origins [1,4,20,41,42]. It is also noteworthy the nectariferous secretions of Erica plants may contribute to higher phenolic content and higher sugar content (especially, glucose) in oak honeydew honeys since according to some authors, honey obtained from northwest Spain exhibits these qualities [6,24].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Antioxidant compounds in honey samples produced in different climates are a marker of floral origin and a potential indicator of their biological quality [44]. Hence, there is a close relationship between some predominant flora and the antioxidant activity of honey obtained from northwest Spain, due to the high presence of per example, Erica or Castanea [23,24]. On the other hand, some studies have reported that honeys identified as dark amber-colored honey (such as oak honeydew honeys or chestnut honeys) has a higher antioxidant capacity, deriving from their phenolic compositions [7,9,45], which enhances its beneficial effects on human health due to its high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity [2,43,46].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of nectar honey are better known in comparison to those of honeydew honey. In particular, unifloral honeys, such as orange blossom ( Citrus ), eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus ), acacia ( Robinia pseudoacacia ), linden ( Tilia ), lavender ( Lavandula stoechas ), heather ( Erica , Calluna vulgaris ), rape (Brassica) or sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) have been extensively studied [6,8,19,20,21,22,23,24]. The most studied honeydew honeys are those produced in the Mediterranean area and Central Europe.…”
This work investigates the similarities and differences of oak honeydew (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and evergreen honeydew (Quercus ilex L.) honey produced in Spain. For this purpose, the physicochemical characteristics of 17 samples from oak honeydew and 11 samples from evergreen honeydew collected in different geographical regions were analyzed. All the samples accomplished European Union requirements for honey consumption. Both honey types had amber dark color; however, the evergreen oak honey was clearer than oak honey, having higher mean values in a* and b* coordinates of CIELab scale. In general, both honey types exhibited high electrical conductivity, a moderate value of pH, medium to low water content, and high diastase activity. The reducing sugar content was significantly lower and maltose content was significantly higher in evergreen honeydew. In addition, total phenols and total flavonoid contents, the antioxidant activity and the melissopalynological analysis was performed. The oak honeydew honey had a higher abundance of Castanea, Rubus and Erica pollen grains, while the evergreen oak honeydew honey had a higher abundance of Lavandula, Olea europaea or Anthyllis cytisoides. A multivariate analysis using the most representative pollen types and physicochemical components facilitated the differentiation of the honey samples, thus this information can be useful for the honey characterization.
“…These values are consistent with those published by other authors for honeydew honey obtained from different areas of origins [1,4,20,41,42]. It is also noteworthy the nectariferous secretions of Erica plants may contribute to higher phenolic content and higher sugar content (especially, glucose) in oak honeydew honeys since according to some authors, honey obtained from northwest Spain exhibits these qualities [6,24].…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Antioxidant compounds in honey samples produced in different climates are a marker of floral origin and a potential indicator of their biological quality [44]. Hence, there is a close relationship between some predominant flora and the antioxidant activity of honey obtained from northwest Spain, due to the high presence of per example, Erica or Castanea [23,24]. On the other hand, some studies have reported that honeys identified as dark amber-colored honey (such as oak honeydew honeys or chestnut honeys) has a higher antioxidant capacity, deriving from their phenolic compositions [7,9,45], which enhances its beneficial effects on human health due to its high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity [2,43,46].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The physicochemical and sensorial characteristics of nectar honey are better known in comparison to those of honeydew honey. In particular, unifloral honeys, such as orange blossom ( Citrus ), eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus ), acacia ( Robinia pseudoacacia ), linden ( Tilia ), lavender ( Lavandula stoechas ), heather ( Erica , Calluna vulgaris ), rape (Brassica) or sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) have been extensively studied [6,8,19,20,21,22,23,24]. The most studied honeydew honeys are those produced in the Mediterranean area and Central Europe.…”
This work investigates the similarities and differences of oak honeydew (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) and evergreen honeydew (Quercus ilex L.) honey produced in Spain. For this purpose, the physicochemical characteristics of 17 samples from oak honeydew and 11 samples from evergreen honeydew collected in different geographical regions were analyzed. All the samples accomplished European Union requirements for honey consumption. Both honey types had amber dark color; however, the evergreen oak honey was clearer than oak honey, having higher mean values in a* and b* coordinates of CIELab scale. In general, both honey types exhibited high electrical conductivity, a moderate value of pH, medium to low water content, and high diastase activity. The reducing sugar content was significantly lower and maltose content was significantly higher in evergreen honeydew. In addition, total phenols and total flavonoid contents, the antioxidant activity and the melissopalynological analysis was performed. The oak honeydew honey had a higher abundance of Castanea, Rubus and Erica pollen grains, while the evergreen oak honeydew honey had a higher abundance of Lavandula, Olea europaea or Anthyllis cytisoides. A multivariate analysis using the most representative pollen types and physicochemical components facilitated the differentiation of the honey samples, thus this information can be useful for the honey characterization.
“…honeys was also reported by the authors, in agreement with the results of the present study (Table 1). At this point, it should be stressed that the most common Erica species in the Iberian Peninsula are E. arborea , E. australis , E. umbellata and others [30]. However, during the melissopalynological analysis these species were not identified.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, during the melissopalynological analysis these species were not identified. In that sense, the general term “ Erica spp .”, involving other Erica species [30], was used to characterize the heather honey sample. Therefore, the geographical origin of Portuguese honeys may have also a strong impact on the total contribution (% percentage) of specific pollen grains.…”
The present study was conducted to evaluate the quality and bio-functional properties of Portuguese honeys of different botanical and geographical origins. Quality parameter analyses included the determination of palynological (predominant, secondary, minor and isolated pollen percentage), physicochemical (°Brix, moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity, total dissolved solids, salinity, vitamin C content and specific weight) including colour-metrics (CIELAB, Pfund and colour intensity determinations), along with volatile compounds identification using solid phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Bio-activity parameter analysis included the determination of in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl and Folin-Ciocalteu assays, respectively. Melissopalynological analysis showed that Portuguese honeys were classified as eucalyptus, chestnut and heather, recording significant variations (p < 0.05) among physicochemical, volatile and bio-activity parameter analyses according to both: botanical and geographical origin. Based on the multi-parameter analysis data Portuguese honeys could be characterized by a distinctive colour, a characteristic aroma, whereas conform to the European legislation relating to honey identity and quality. Specific attention should be given in the case of heather honey which showed the highest in vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Parameters that were also highly correlated using bivariate statistics.
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