Characterization of the expression and function of <i>N</i>‐methyl‐<i>D</i>‐aspartate receptor in keratinocytes

Morhenn, Vera B.; Murakami, Manabu; O’Grady, Terence C.; Nordberg, Judith A.; Gallo, Richard L.

doi:10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00186.x

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Numerous glutamate receptors have been found both within the skin epidermis, heart's electrical conduction system, and the heart itself [2][3][4]. Thus, MSG and aspartame are both excitotoxins of cardiac tissue as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Lone’ atrial fibrillation precipitated by monosodium glutamate and aspartame

Burkhart

2009

International Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Lone’ atrial fibrillation precipitated by monosodium glutamate and aspartame

Burkhart

2009

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…Phenytoin attenuates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated depolarizations by the agonists AMPA and quisqualate in mM concentration range, but is not able to fully antagonize responses to NMDA at concentrations less than 100 mM. Ionotropic glutamate receptors of the NMDA receptor type are expressed on keratinocytes [53,54]. Phenytoin could effectively decrease the synaptic excitation through influencing the NMDA receptor [45].…”

Section: N-methyl-d-aspartate (Nmda) Receptor Antagonismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Phenytoin in Neuralgic Pain, Peripheral Modulation of Central Sensitization: Two Case Reports

Hesselink¹,

Kopsky²

2017

J Pain Relief

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We herewith describe a topical formulation of phenytoin with a clear analgesic effect in localized neuropathic pain: in post herpetic neuralgia and trigeminal neuralgia. Such topical analgesic effect for phenytoin has not yet been described in literature. We have developed various topical phenytoin formulations and identified a stable cream base in which we compounded a range of concentrations of phenytoin up to 10%. We will present two cases supporting the analgesic effect of phenytoin cream in neuralgic pain, and discuss the putative mechanism of action of phenytoin as a topical analgesic. The essence of both cases is that, apparently, it is possible to down-regulate central sensitization processes via the modulation (inhibition) of peripheral input. This hypothesis was brought forward in 2013 based on neurophysiological data, and our clinical data seem to also support this important chapter in pain treatment. Thus, topical analgesia, in our case based on phenytoin, can play an important role in multimodal therapy of chronic neuropathic pain, related to central sensitization states.

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“…Recently, NMDA receptors have been found in the axons of human skin [15] and in the keratinocytes of the epidermis [16,17]. These receptors are involved in skin barrier function [18], calcium regulation [19], and dermatitis development [20]. We expect that xenon will exert similar blocking action when interacting with NMDA receptors in skin providing that this gas penetrates skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transdermal delivery of xenon from lipophilic solution and water

Verkhovskiy¹,

Atochin²,

Udintsev³

et al. 2015

Dermatol Aspects

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Aim: The purpose of the study was to characterize transdermal delivery of xenon through rat skin from a lipophilic solution and from water. Methods: Sections of skin were obtained from adult rats (n=12) and were placed into static Franz diffusion cells for 24 h. Xenon diffusion coefficients were determined for diffusion from a lipophilic solution (n=6) and from water (n=6) to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) through skin and for diffusion from a lipophilic solution to PBS through a phase boundary in the absence of skin (n=6). Results: Xenon flux (J Xe ) through skin from the lipophilic solution was 0.036 mg/hour×cm 2 and permeability coefficient (K p ) was 0.003 cm/h; J Xe through skin from water was 0.029 mg/h×cm 2 and the K p was 0.002 cm/h. Total time for xenon diffusion through skin from lipophilic solution and from water was ~2 h. Conclusion: The study presents the first characterization of xenon diffusion through rat skin from multiphase solutions to PBS. These data may be useful for the development of xenon-rich pharmaceutical products for external use.

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Characterization of the expression and function of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor in keratinocytes

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

‘Lone’ atrial fibrillation precipitated by monosodium glutamate and aspartame

‘Lone’ atrial fibrillation precipitated by monosodium glutamate and aspartame

Topical Phenytoin in Neuralgic Pain, Peripheral Modulation of Central Sensitization: Two Case Reports

Transdermal delivery of xenon from lipophilic solution and water

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