Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Nematodirus oiratianus and Nematodirus spathiger of small ruminants

Abstract

BackgroundNematodirus spp. are among the most common nematodes of ruminants worldwide. N. oiratianus and N. spathiger are distributed worldwide as highly prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes, which cause emerging health problems and economic losses. Accurate identification of Nematodirus species is essential to develop effective control strategies for Nematodirus infection in ruminants. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could provide powerful genetic markers for identifying these closely related species and resolving phylogenetic relationships at different taxonomic levels.MethodsIn the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger from small ruminants in China were obtained using Long-range PCR and sequencing.ResultsThe complete mt genomes of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger were 13,765 bp and 13,519 bp in length, respectively. Both mt genomes were circular and consisted of 36 genes, including 12 genes encoding proteins, 2 genes encoding rRNA, and 22 genes encoding tRNA. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acid sequence data of all 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Maximum parsimony (MP) showed that the two Nematodirus species (Molineidae) were closely related to Dictyocaulidae.ConclusionsThe availability of the complete mtDNA sequences of N. oiratianus and N. spathiger not only provides new mtDNA sources for a better understanding of nematode mt genomics and phylogeny, but also provides novel and useful genetic markers for studying diagnosis, population genetics and molecular epidemiology of Nematodirus spp. in small ruminants.

Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Ostertagia trifurcata of Small Ruminants and its Phylogenetic Associations for the Trichostrongyloidea Superfamily

“…The nucleotide composition of the coding strand of O. trifurcata was A = 4639 (32.78%), T = 6418 (45.35%), G = 2106 (14.88%) and C = 988 (6.98%). The gene contents and their organization were the same as those of M. marshalli [31], D. viviparus [34], N. oiratianus [22], T. axei [19] and H. contortus [33].…”

“…These sequences were aligned with other deduced sequences of amino acids from already-published mt genomes. Selective nematodes were representatives for comparison with the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea, featuring family Trichostrongylidae ( Trichostrongylus vitrinus , NC_013807; Trichostrongylus axei , NC_013824; Teladorsagia circumcincta , NC_013827; Marshallagia marshalli , MG011723) [19,31], Molineidae family ( Nematodirus oiratianus , NC_024639, and Nematodirus spathiger , NC_024638) [22], Cooperiidae family ( Cooperia oncophora , NC_004806) [32], Haemonchidae family ( Mecistocirrus digitatus , NC_013848, Haemonchus placei , NC_029736) [19] and ( Haemonchus contortus , NC_010383) [33], Dictyocaulidae family ( Dictyocaulus eckerti , NC_019809; Dictyocaulus viviparus , NC_019810;) [34], whereas Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum (GenBank accession number NC_014181) [23] was selected as an outgroup. The individual sequential alignment of amino acids derived from mt protein coding genes was performed using the MAFFT 7.122 software [35] and were chained into a single dataset.…”

“…Regardless of the advancements, there is still ambiguity relating to the phylogenetic relationships among Trichostrongylidae nematodes. Some previous studies were indicative of Trichostrongylidae monophyly [20,21], whereas other studies support a contrary argument and are suggestive of a sister relationship among Trichostrongylidae, Haemonchidae and Cooperiidae [18,22,23]. Insufficient perseverance at higher levels of taxonomy with dissimilar datasets of DNA, as well as the utilization of distinct methods for inference may result in such inconsistent results.…”

Parásitos como indicadores cronológicos: ADN antiguo de Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) en coprolitos de camélidos de Patagonia Argentina

“…El resultado de la secuenciación de los fragmentos específicos amplificados para los huevos larvados arrojó una secuencia de ADN de 104 pares de bases (pb) del gen mitocondrial cox1. La búsqueda de secuencias homólogas mediante BLAST mostró un 99% de identidad con secuencias de N. spathiger (Número de acceso del GenBank: KF573749.1) mientras que una identidad del 93% fue observada con N. oiratianus (KF573750.1) otro nematode que parasita pequeños rumiantes (Zhao et al 2014).…”

Різноманіття Гельмінтофауни Ссавців В Умовах Зоопарків

“…3 б, в). Різноманітність видів нематодиру-сів жуйних передбачає ідентифікування до виду за умови застосування ПЛР діагностики (Nadler et al, 2000;Zhao et al, 2014). Середня довжина яєць (n = 10) Nematodirus sp.…”