Characterization of the chemical composition of PM2.5 emitted from on-road China III and China IV diesel trucks in Beijing, China

Abstract

The composition of diesel exhaust fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is of growing interest because of its impacts on health and climatic factors and its application in source apportionment and aerosol modeling. We characterized the detailed chemical composition of the PM2.5, including the organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble ions (WSIs), and elemental contents, emitted from China III and China IV diesel trucks (nine each) based on real-world measurements in Beijing using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). Carbonaceous compounds were the dominant components (totaling approximately 87%) of the PM2.5, similar to the results (greater than 80% of the PM2.5) of our previous study of on-road China III diesel trucks. In general, the amounts of individual component groups (carbonaceous compounds, WSIs, and elements) and PM2.5 emissions for China IV diesel trucks were lower than those of China III diesel trucks of the same size, except for the WSIs and elements for the light- and medium-duty diesel trucks. The EC/OC mass ratios were strongly dependent on the emission standards, and the ratios of China IV diesel trucks were higher than those of China III diesel trucks of the same size. The chemical species in the PM2.5 were significantly affected by the driving conditions. Overall, the emission factors (EFs) of the PM2.5 and OC under non-highway (NHW) driving conditions were higher than those under highway (HW) driving conditions, and the EC/OC mass ratios presented an increasing trend, with decreasing OC/PM2.5 and increasing EC/PM2.5 from NHW to HW driving conditions; similar trends were reported in our previous study. In addition, Pearson's correlation coefficients among the PM2.5 species were analyzed to determine the relationships among the various chemical components.

Effect of the pollution control measures on PM2.5 during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade: Implication from water-soluble ions and sulfur isotope

“…Recently, Wu et al (2016) investigated the emission factor of sulfate in PM 2.5 emitted from China III and China IV diesel trucks in Beijing, ranging from 0.12 to 1.14 mg/km. According to the data from the Beijing traffic Management Bureau, the total number of vehicles in Beijing was 5.59 million by the end of 2014.…”

Chemical Compositions of PM2.5 Emitted from Diesel Trucks and Construction Equipment

“…The fingerprints of diesel exhaust are needed as input data for receptor models and source-oriented models Simon et al 2010). Diesel exhaust emissions have been investigated by different approaches, including tunnel tests, roadside tests, classic dynamometer measurements and on-road tests using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) Chen et al 2017;Cheng et al 2010;Cui et al 2016Cui et al , 2017Wang et al 2003;Wu et al 2016). For example, USEPA SPECIATE database contains speciation profiles for a comprehensive list of emission sources.…”

China Source Profile Shared Service (CSPSS): The Chinese PM2.5 Database for Source Profiles

“…In China, studies on atmospheric pollution have been rapidly developed in recent years. An increasing number of studies have devoted to emission features for both anthropogenic and natural pollution sources (Zhang et al, 2007(Zhang et al, , 2008Zhang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2014a;Cheng et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016b;Pei et al, 2016;Tian et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2016). For example, Shen et al (2016) discussed chemical species' characteristics of fugitive dust from northern Chinese cities on regional scale.…”

“…For example, Shen et al (2016) discussed chemical species' characteristics of fugitive dust from northern Chinese cities on regional scale. Wu et al (2016) analyzed emission characteristics of diesel exhausts in Beijing, and compared differences between profiles of vehicle emission standard of China III and those of China IV. However, more local source profile measurements are still necessary for accurate source apportionment results.…”