Characterization of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of additively manufactured components by fused filament fabrication

Elkholy, Ahmed; Rouby, M.; Kempers, Roger

doi:10.1007/s40964-019-00098-2

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The effective thermal conductivity of the samples was characterized using an apparatus developed in [9] which is based upon a modified guarded hot plate technique similar to ASTM C177 [26]. A schematic of this apparatus is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entire assembly was encased with silica aerogel insulation which has a thermal conductivity of 0.014 W/mK. Additional details regarding the data acquisition, temperature control, calibration, and uncertainty analysis are provided in [9].…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among AM techniques, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the more popular polymer AM techniques due to widespread adoption of low-cost, open-source hardware and software. Very recently, significant research has focused on developing PMCs and nanocomposites specifically for FFF feedstock [7,8] with several commercial filaments recently available from suppliers such as SainSmart, ROBO 3D, and Proto-pasta [9]. So far, studies have focused primarily on the mechanical properties of AM [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, studies have focused primarily on the mechanical properties of AM [10][11][12][13]. Despite using highly conductive fillers (including copper, aluminum, silver, graphite, and chopped carbon fiber) and significant fill ratio, the best commercially available FFF composite feedstocks still offer limited effective thermal conductivity [9,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed continuous fiber polymer composites

Ibrahim

Elkholy

Schofield

et al. 2020

Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science

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3D printing, especially fused filament fabrication, presents a potentially attractive manufacturing technique for thermal applications such as polymer heat exchangers due to the ability to create complex internal geometries which can be used to enhance convective heat transfer. Recently, commercial and modified open-source printers have utilized continuous fibers such as carbon fiber to create continuous fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) which enhance the mechanical properties of the printed products. This continuous filler network can also serve to improve thermal conductivity. In this study, the effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed FRPCs is characterized using a steady-state, modified, guarded hot plate apparatus. The effect of the fiber direction and volume fraction on the effective thermal conductivity of the 3D-printed composites was characterized experimentally and modeled analytically using series and parallel models. Thermal conductivities of up to 2.97 W/mK were measured for samples in which the fibers were aligned with the direction of heat flow. Measured values were in good agreement with analytical model predictions. The importance of fiber conductivity on overall performance of the FRPCs was further demonstrated using a handlaid-up, pitch-based carbon fiber sample which exhibited an effective thermal conductivity of 23.6 W/mK.

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Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed continuous fiber polymer composites

Ibrahim

Elkholy

Schofield

et al. 2020

Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science

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“…The layerwise printing process creates a meso-structure with anisotropic physical properties, which gives rise to metamaterials. The anisotropic properties have been studied for the mechanical [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], thermal [ 32 , 33 ], magnetic [ 34 ], and electrical [ 35 ] domains. The anisotropy in the electrical properties can be explained by means of interfacial and inter-layer contact resistance, which is believed to originate from imperfect bonding conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of Anisotropic Electrical Conduction in Layered Structures 3D-Printed with Fused Deposition Modelling

Dijkshoorn

Schouten

Krijnen

2021

Sensors

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3D-printing conductive structures have recently been receiving increased attention, especially in the field of 3D-printed sensors. However, the printing processes introduce anisotropic electrical properties due to the infill and bonding conditions. Insights into the electrical conduction that results from the anisotropic electrical properties are currently limited. Therefore, this research focuses on analytically modeling the electrical conduction. The electrical properties are described as an electrical network with bulk and contact properties in and between neighbouring printed track elements or traxels. The model studies both meandering and open-ended traxels through the application of the corresponding boundary conditions. The model equations are solved as an eigenvalue problem, yielding the voltage, current density, and power dissipation density for every position in every traxel. A simplified analytical example and Finite Element Method simulations verify the model, which depict good correspondence. The main errors found are due to the limitations of the model with regards to 2D-conduction in traxels and neglecting the resistance of meandering ends. Three dimensionless numbers are introduced for the verification and analysis: the anisotropy ratio, the aspect ratio, and the number of traxels. Conductive behavior between completely isotropic and completely anisotropic can be modeled, depending on the dimensionless properties. Furthermore, this model can be used to explain the properties of certain 3D-printed sensor structures, like constriction-resistive strain sensors.

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Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Highly Porous Structures Based on γ‐Al₂O₃ by Adding Graphene Nanoplatelets

Moreno‐Sanabria

Ramírez

Osendi

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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logically active materials and, recently, in other emerging applications like flame retardants for polymers, quasi-solid electrolytes, or antimicrobial agents. [3] In particular, macroporous alumina with hierarchical pore structure, high surface area, and narrow pore size distribution are highly desirable for heterogeneous catalysts, as for example, hydrotreating catalysts used for heavy oils. [6][7][8] In this way, the catalytic performance can be enhanced through the development of suitable macrostructures of the catalysts, which depends on the support, reducing the mass transfer resistance, improving the reaction efficiency and increasing the lifetime of the catalysts. In this context, the additive manufacturing (AM) techniques allow developing highly hierarchical 3D structures that include channels of controlled size and shape in the millimeter scale, while porosity at meso-and micro-scales within the struts can be tailored using different strategies. Direct ink writing (DIW), an AM technology, allows building customized porous scaffolds with precise intricate geometries of a wide range of materials by computer controlling the scaffold parameters and adjusting the ink properties. DIW presents some drawbacks as compared to other AM technologies employed for porous ceramic scaffolds, such as stereolithography, in particular, poor surface quality of the 3D printed structures, which can be greatly improved by using smaller nozzle diameters, and, especially, the limitation to directly produce scaffolds with spanning, overhanging, and floating features that would require employing sacrificial supporting materials. [9][10][11] Main concerns for the application of the 3D printed macroporous γ-Al 2 O 3 structures are its reduced mechanical resistance that may restrain their possible applications, and its limited heat transfer capability associated to the high porosity, which is particularly important in the case of 3D printed porous materials with applications in fields like catalysis, energy production and storage, and for thermal management as heat exchangers and heat sinks. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The incorporation of welldispersed graphene nanostructures, 2D carbon allotropes with outstanding electronic and physiochemical properties, [21] into the γ-Al 2 O 3 matrix can increase both the mechanical and the thermal performance of 3D printed γ-Al 2 O 3 structures [22] and One of the main challenges to widen the potential applications of 3D printed highly porous ceramic structures in catalysis, energy storage or thermal management resides in the improvement of both their mechanical resistance and thermal conductivity. To achieve these goals, highly hierarchical γ-alumina (γ-Al 2 O 3 ) scaffolds containing up to 18 vol% of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), including channels of controlled size and shape in the millimeter scale and meso-porosity within the rods, are developed by robocasting from boehmite-based aqueous inks without other printing additives. These 3D structures exhibit high porosity (85%) and spe...

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Characterization of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of additively manufactured components by fused filament fabrication

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed continuous fiber polymer composites

Effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed continuous fiber polymer composites

Modelling of Anisotropic Electrical Conduction in Layered Structures 3D-Printed with Fused Deposition Modelling

Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Highly Porous Structures Based on γ‐Al₂O₃ by Adding Graphene Nanoplatelets

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Characterization of the anisotropic thermal conductivity of additively manufactured components by fused filament fabrication

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

Effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed continuous fiber polymer composites

Effective thermal conductivity of 3D-printed continuous fiber polymer composites

Modelling of Anisotropic Electrical Conduction in Layered Structures 3D-Printed with Fused Deposition Modelling

Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Highly Porous Structures Based on γ‐Al2O3 by Adding Graphene Nanoplatelets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Highly Porous Structures Based on γ‐Al₂O₃ by Adding Graphene Nanoplatelets