Characterization of the acetohydroxyacid synthase multigene family in the tetraploide plant Chenopodium quinoa

Abstract

Artículo de publicación ISIBackground: Currently, the technology called Clearfield (R) is used in the development of crops resistant to herbicides that inhibit the enzyme acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS, EC 2.2.1.6). AHAS is the first enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway that produces the branched-chain of the essential amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Therefore, multiple copies of the AHAS gene might be of interest for breeding programs targeting herbicide resistance. In this work, the characterization of the AHAS gene was accomplished for the Chenopodium quinoa Regalona-Baer cultivar. Cloning, sequencing, and Southern blotting were conducted to determine the number of gene copies. Results: The presence of multiple copies of the AHAS gene as has been shown previously in several other species is described. Six copies of the AHAS gene were confirmed with Southern blot analyses. CqHAS1 and CqAHAS2 variants showed the highest homology with AHAS mRNA sequences found in the NR Database. A third copy, CqAHAS3, shared similar fragments with both CqAHAS1 and CqAHAS2, suggesting duplication through homeologous chromosomes pairing. Conclusions: The presence of multiple copies of the gene AHAS shows that gene duplication is a common feature in polyploid species during evolution. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first report of the interaction of sub-genomes in quinoa.CONICYT Program 7813110011 CONICYT, Scientific Information Program/Fund ID FP14001

Transcriptional Responses of Chilean Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Under Water Deficit Conditions Uncovers ABA-Independent Expression Patterns

“…Functional annotation was performed on assembled contigs with predicted full length CDS by BLAST2GO software (Conesa and Gotz, 2008 ). We used as input BLASTX results of our contigs against NCBI RefSeqProt database (Pruitt et al, 2007 ; Mestanza et al, 2015 ) and Arabidopsis TAIR10 database (The Arabidopsis Information Resource, Genome Release 10 [ http://www.arabidopsis.org ]) with an e-value cut-off of 1e −6 . Also, it was performed an INTERPROSCAN analysis (Hunter et al, 2009 ) with BLAST2GO default parameters.…”

Consideraciones para la instalación de una planta productora de un complemento nutricional para niños

“…Es un cereal andino que "cuenta con un contenido de proteína superior a otros cereales, teniendo un rango entre 14 y 16 %, y proporciona una cantidad ideal de aminoácidos esenciales para el consumo humano" (Mestanza, Riegel, Silva y Vásquez, 2015). El 37 % de las proteínas que posee la quinua son aminoácidos: ácido glutámico (producción de energía para el cerebro y aprendizaje), ácido aspártico, isoleucina, lisina (crecimiento muscular), fenilalanina, tirosina y valina, siendo los cuatro últimos, aminoácidos esenciales.…”

Discovery of mutations in Chenopodium quinoa Willd through EMS mutagenesis and mutation screening using pre-selection phenotypic data and next-generation sequencing

“…For mutation identification and characterization, the AHAS1 (1168 bp), AHAS2 (1219 bp) (constitutive gene without introns), ITS-plant (764 bp) (sequence with introns) and psbA (1083 bp) (chloroplast gene) genes were analysed in 48 plants. The selection and design of primers for gene amplification was performed as follows: for the AHAS genes, information generated by Mestanza et al (2015) was used, where each of the existing variants of the gene are described. For the ITS-plant genes, universal primers described by Varghese et al (2003) were used, and for the psbA gene (Mestanza et al, 2017) an alignment of sequences existing in databases was used.…”

“…The presence of homologous genes and homologues make the homogeneous amplification of a single amplicon very difficult using PCR. As described by Mestanza et al (2015), quinoa has at least six variants of the AHAS gene.…”