Characterization of syringyl and guaiacyl lignins in thermomechanical pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunch by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using ion intensity calibration

Nakagawa-Izumi, Akiko; H'ng, Y. Y.; Mulyantara, Lilik Tri; Maryana, Roni; Thang, Vu Quoc; Ohi, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.030

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The syringyl concentrations in the lignin of EFBs have been reported to be higher compared to the other components, such as guaiacyl [1,19] and p-hydroxyphenyl [18]. At a power discharge of 27 W and a power density of 0.95 W cm −2 , the NTP treatment in this study is lower in intensity compared to that of Peters et al [21] (with power densities of 1.6-3.1 W cm −2 ), but as the treatment duration increases from 0 to 1 h, the exposure of the EFB to NTP treatment increases.…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infra-red (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the NTP treatments are mostly applied for different species of wood, and the effects of NTP treatment on palm-based EFB have not been investigated widely. Of particular interest is the effect of the NTP treatment on the EFB's lignin components, consisting of p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl [1,18,19] (readers are referred to [1] for a more detailed description of the lignin components and structure). In this study, the effects of NTP on EFB are investigated in terms of changes in the associated functional groups and chemical bonds, chemical scavenging reactivity, and surface morphology (qualitatively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

Lim

Zulkifli

2018

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment on biomass in the form of pulverized palmbased empty fruit bunches (EFB) are investigated. Specifically, this study investigates the effects of NTP treatment on the surface reactivity, morphology, oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio of the EFB at varying treatment times. The surface reactivity is determined by the reaction of antioxidant functional groups or reactive species with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). By measuring the concentration of the DPPH with a spectrophotometer, the change in the amount of antioxidant functional groups can be measured to determine the surface reactivity. The reactions of the various lignin components in the EFB with respect to the NTP treatment are discussed by qualitatively assessing the changes in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The surface morphology is examined by a scanning electron microscope. To determine the amount of oxygen deposited on the EFB by the air-based NTP treatment, the oxygen and carbon contents are measured by an energy dispersive x-ray detector to determine the O/C ratio. The results show that the NTP reactor produced reactive species such as atomic oxygen and ozone, increasing the surface reactivity and chemical scavenging rate of the EFB. Consequently, the surface morphology changed, with an observed rougher surface from the images of the EFB samples. The change in the appearance of the surface is accompanied by a high O/C ratio, and is caused by reactions of certain components of lignin due to the NTP treatment. The lignin component that was modified is believed to be syringyl, as the syringyl portion in the lignin of EFBs is higher compared to the other components. Syringyl components are detected in the range of FTIR wavenumbers of 1109-1363 cm −1. With increasing NTP treatment times, the absorbance (of the peaks in the FTIR spectra) for syringyl related C−H and lignin associated C=C bonds decreases as the syringyl decomposes. The resulting release of carboxyl compounds increases the absorbance for the carbonyl C=O group. The results show that NTP treatment is able to modify the surface properties of EFB, and that the surface reactivity can be increased to improve their conversion and processing efficiencies.

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Section: Fourier Transform Infra-red (Ftir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

Lim

Zulkifli

2018

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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“…Oil palm lignin has been extensively studied in the lignocellulosic waste and wood pulp industries, which include empty fruit bunch ( Ibrahim et al, 2011 ; Medina et al, 2015 ; Nakagawa-Izumi et al, 2017 ), frond ( Hussin et al, 2014 ; Sa’don et al, 2017 ), and trunk ( Mohtar et al, 2015 ). These renewable resources are converted into value-added products after a series of treatment processes targeted for lignin removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin in Defense against Ganoderma boninense Colonized Root Tissues in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

et al. 2017

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Basal stem rot, caused by the basidiomycete fungus, Ganoderma boninense, is an economically devastating disease in Malaysia. Our study investigated the changes in lignin content and composition along with activity and expression of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes and genes in oil palm root tissues during G. boninense infection. We sampled control (non-inoculated) and infected (inoculated) seedlings at seven time points [1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-inoculation (wpi)] in a randomized design. The expression profiles of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) genes were monitored at 1, 2, and 3 wpi using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Seedlings at 4, 8, and 12 wpi were screened for lignin content, lignin composition, enzyme activities (PAL, CAD, and POD), growth (weight and height), and disease severity (DS). Gene expression analysis demonstrated up-regulation of PAL, CAD, and POD genes in the infected seedlings, relative to the control seedlings at 1, 2, and 3 wpi. At 2 and 3 wpi, CAD showed highest transcript levels compared to PAL and POD. DS increased progressively throughout sampling, with 5, 34, and 69% at 4, 8, and 12 wpi, respectively. Fresh weight and height of the infected seedlings were significantly lower compared to the control seedlings at 8 and 12 wpi. Lignin content of the infected seedlings at 4 wpi was significantly higher than the control seedlings, remained elicited with no change at 8 wpi, and then collapsed with a significant reduction at 12 wpi. The nitrobenzene oxidation products of oil palm root lignin yielded both syringyl and guaiacyl monomers. Accumulation of lignin in the infected seedlings was in parallel to increased syringyl monomers, at 4 and 8 wpi. The activities of PAL and CAD enzymes in the infected seedlings at DS = 5–34% were significantly higher than the control seedlings and thereafter collapsed at DS = 69%.

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“…The most advanced analytical methodologies allowed the identification and structural characterization of low molecular weight species, e.g., the lignin p -bis(2,6-dimethoxyphenol)yl dimers [ 39 ], but also characterization of the differences between native lignins [ 40 ] and technical lignins resulting from the above-mentioned processing [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Main Sources Of Natural Phenol Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications

Panzella

Napolitano

2017

Antioxidants

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Natural phenol polymers are widely represented in nature and include a variety of classes including tannins and lignins as the most prominent. Largely consumed foods are rich sources of phenol polymers, notably black foods traditionally used in East Asia, but other non-edible, easily accessible sources, e.g., seaweeds and wood, have been considered with increasing interest together with waste materials from agro-based industries, primarily grape pomace and other byproducts of fruit and coffee processing. Not in all cases were the main structural components of these materials identified because of their highly heterogeneous nature. The great beneficial effects of natural phenol-based polymers on human health and their potential in improving the quality of food were largely explored, and this review critically addresses the most interesting and innovative reports in the field of nutrition and biomedicine that have appeared in the last five years. Several in vivo human and animal trials supported the proposed use of these materials as food supplements and for amelioration of the health and production of livestock. Biocompatible and stable functional polymers prepared by peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of natural phenols, as well as natural phenol polymers were exploited as conventional and green plastic additives in smart packaging and food-spoilage prevention applications. The potential of natural phenol polymers in regenerative biomedicine as additives of biomaterials to promote growth and differentiation of osteoblasts is also discussed.

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Characterization of syringyl and guaiacyl lignins in thermomechanical pulp from oil palm empty fruit bunch by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using ion intensity calibration

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

The Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Lignin in Defense against Ganoderma boninense Colonized Root Tissues in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications

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